Ses Uyumu ve Çoğul Ekleri
Practice the foundational 2-way and 4-way vowel harmony rules applied across plural endings and basic suffixes.
1 / 100
-
books
The noun 'kitap' (book) pluralized with the suffix '-lar'. It follows the 2-way vowel harmony rule, where the back vowel 'a' in the last syllable of the root dictates the use of the back-vowel suffix variant.
Sınav haftası yaklaştığı için çalışma masamın üzeri kalın kitaplarla dolup taştı.
Since exam week is approaching, the top of my study desk has overflowed with thick books.
-
pens / pencils
The noun 'kalem' (pen/pencil) pluralized with the suffix '-ler'. It follows 2-way vowel harmony, matching the front vowel 'e' in the root's final syllable with the front-vowel suffix variant.
Çizim yaparken kullanmak için çekmeceden farklı renklerde kurşun kalemler çıkardım.
I pulled out pencils of different colors from the drawer to use while drawing.
-
children / kids
The noun 'çocuk' (child) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The back rounded vowel 'u' in the root requires the '-lar' variant under the rules of 2-way vowel harmony.
Hava aniden ısınınca mahalledeki çocuklar saklambaç oynamak için sokağa döküldü.
When the weather suddenly warmed up, the neighborhood kids poured into the street to play hide-and-seek.
-
days
The noun 'gün' (day) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front rounded vowel 'ü' in the base word conditions the choice of the '-ler' suffix according to 2-way vowel harmony.
Şehir dışından eski bir dostum geleceği için önümüzdeki günleri heyecanla iple çekiyorum.
I am eagerly looking forward to the coming days because an old friend of mine from out of town is visiting.
-
houses / homes
The noun 'ev' (house/home) with the plural suffix '-ler'. Because 'ev' consists of a single syllable containing the front unrounded vowel 'e', it pairs exclusively with the front-vowel plural marker.
Ege sahilindeki o eski taş evler mimari dokusuyla insanı adeta büyüleyici bir geçmişe götürüyor.
Those old stone houses on the Aegean coast virtually transport you to a enchanting past with their architectural texture.
-
rooms
The noun 'oda' (room) pluralized using the suffix '-lar'. The final syllable contains the back unrounded vowel 'a', requiring the corresponding back plural suffix variant.
Kiralayacağımız evin bütün odaları geniş pencereler sayesinde gün boyu harika güneş alıyor.
Thanks to the large windows, all the rooms of the house we are going to rent get wonderful sunlight all day long.
-
doors / gates
The noun 'kapı' (door) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The last syllable features the back unrounded vowel 'ı', which structurally mandates the choice of '-lar' over '-ler'.
Müze görevlisi akşam saat tam altıda bütün büyük kapıları ziyaretçilere kapatıp kilitledi.
The museum attendant closed and locked all the large doors to visitors at exactly six in the evening.
-
windows
The noun 'pencereler' consists of the root 'pencere' (window) and the front plural suffix '-ler'. The unrounded front vowel 'e' at the end of the root dictates this harmony selection.
Yemek pişerken içerideki yoğun koku dağılsın diye salondaki pencereleri ardına kadar açtım.
I opened the windows in the living room wide so that the intense smell inside would disperse while the food was cooking.
-
cats
The noun 'kedi' (cat) appended with the plural marker '-ler'. The final unrounded front vowel 'i' triggers front vowel harmony, making '-ler' the grammatically correct choice.
Mahalledeki sokak kedileri soğuk kış günlerinde sığınmak için apartman boşluğuna toplanmış.
The stray cats in the neighborhood gathered in the apartment stairwell to take shelter during the cold winter days.
-
dogs
The noun 'köpek' (dog) pluralized via the suffix '-ler'. The front rounded vowel 'ö' and unrounded 'e' within the root dictate a front vowel suffix alignment.
Bahçedeki yabancı gürültüyü duyan sadık köpekler gecenin bir yarısı hep bir ağızdan havlamaya başladı.
Hearing the unfamiliar noise in the yard, the loyal dogs started barking in unison in the middle of the night.
-
birds
The noun 'kuş' (bird) pluralized with the suffix '-lar'. It follows 2-way vowel harmony, where the back rounded vowel 'u' in the root requires the back-vowel variant of the plural suffix.
Balkona bıraktığım ekmek kırıntılarını yemek için sabahın erken saatlerinde onlarca kuşlar oraya üşüştü.
In the early hours of the morning, dozens of birds flocked there to eat the breadcrumbs I left on the balcony.
-
trees
The noun 'ağaç' (tree) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The final syllable contains the back unrounded vowel 'a', which dictates the choice of '-lar' according to the rules of 2-way vowel harmony.
Fırtına o kadar şiddetliydi ki yol kenarındaki asırlık ağaçlar köklerinden sökülüp yola devrildi.
The storm was so severe that the centuries-old trees by the roadside were uprooted and toppled onto the road.
-
flowers
The noun 'çiçek' (flower) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front unrounded vowel 'e' in the final syllable of the root matches with the front-vowel plural marker.
Bahar gelince balkondaki saksılarda yetiştirdiğim rengarenk çiçekler birer birer açmaya başladı.
When spring arrived, the colorful flowers I grew in the pots on the balcony began to bloom one by one.
-
tables
The noun 'masa' (table) pluralized using the suffix '-lar'. Because the root ends in the back unrounded vowel 'a', it pairs exclusively with the back-vowel plural marker.
Düğün salonundaki bütün masalar davetliler gelmeden önce beyaz örtüler ve şamdanlarla süslendi.
All the tables in the wedding hall were decorated with white cloths and candelabras before the guests arrived.
-
chairs
The noun 'sandalye' (chair) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front unrounded vowel 'e' at the end of the root dictates this suffix selection based on 2-way vowel harmony.
Bahçedeki eski ahşap sandalyeler yağmurdan dolayı çürüyünce hepsini çöpe atmak zorunda kaldık.
When the old wooden chairs in the garden rotted due to the rain, we had to throw them all away.
-
cars
The noun 'araba' (car) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The back unrounded vowel 'a' in the final syllable mandates the selection of the '-lar' variant.
Hafta sonu kaçamağı yüzünden otobandaki arabalar tampon tampona uzun kuyruklar oluşturdu.
Due to the weekend getaway, the cars on the highway formed long bumper-to-bumper queues.
-
buses
The noun 'otobüs' (bus) pluralized via the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front rounded vowel 'ü' within the final syllable conditions the front plural marker alignment.
Metro hattındaki arıza nedeniyle belediye yolcuları taşımak için ek otobüsler sefere koydu.
Due to the malfunction on the metro line, the municipality put additional buses into service to transport passengers.
-
trains
The noun 'tren' (train) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. As a single-syllable word with the front vowel 'e', it aligns with the front plural marker.
Avrupa genelinde lojistik kriz yaşanınca yük taşıyan trenler günlerce sınır kapısında bekletildi.
When a logistics crisis occurred across Europe, freight-carrying trains were kept waiting at the border gate for days.
-
planes / airplanes
The noun 'uçak' (plane) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The back unrounded vowel 'a' in the root dictates the use of the back plural variant.
Yoğun sis yüzünden görüş mesafesi sıfıra düşünce bütün uçaklar komşu şehirlere yönlendirildi.
When visibility dropped to zero due to heavy fog, all planes were diverted to neighboring cities.
-
to the cities
A stacked entry containing the noun 'şehir' (city), the front plural suffix '-ler' based on front vowel harmony, and the dative case suffix '-e' indicating direction.
Anadolu'daki küçük şehirlere yapılan bu kültürel geziler, tarih bilincimizi fazlasıyla artırdı.
These cultural trips made to small cities in Anatolia greatly increased our historical awareness.
-
from the villages
The noun 'köy' (village) combined with the front plural suffix '-ler' and the ablative case suffix '-den'. It follows 2-way vowel harmony throughout the suffix chain due to the front rounded vowel 'ö' in the root.
Civardaki köylerden gelen üreticiler, her çarşamba ilçede kurulan organik pazarda tezgah açıyor.
Producers coming from the surrounding villages set up stalls at the organic market held in the district every Wednesday.
-
people / humans
The noun 'insan' (human/person) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The final syllable of the root contains the back unrounded vowel 'a', which dictates the selection of the back plural variant.
Büyükşehirlerde insanlar sabahları işe yetişebilmek için adeta zamanla yarışıyor.
In big cities, people virtually race against time in the mornings to catch up with work.
-
women
The noun 'kadın' (woman) pluralized using the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. It tracks 2-way vowel harmony based on the back unrounded vowel 'ı' in the last syllable of the root word.
Kooperatif bünyesinde bir araya gelen kadınlar, el emeği ürünlerini internetten satarak gelir sağlıyor.
The women who came together within the cooperative generate income by selling their handmade products online.
-
men
The noun 'erkek' (man/male) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The unrounded front vowel 'e' in the final syllable of the base word triggers the front plural marker alignment.
Bizim ailede erkekler genelde mutfak işlerine pek karışmaz ama babam harika yemek yapar.
In our family, men generally don't get involved in kitchen work much, but my father cooks wonderfully.
-
of the children / the children's
A morphologically complex entry featuring the noun 'çocuk' (child), the back plural suffix '-lar', and the genitive case suffix '-ın'. It showcases 2-way vowel harmony for pluralization and 4-way vowel harmony for the case ending.
Çocukların tablet başında saatlerce vakit geçirmesi, uzmanlara göre odaklanma problemlerine yol açıyor.
According to experts, children spending hours in front of tablets leads to focusing problems.
-
babies
The noun 'bebek' (baby) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front unrounded vowel 'e' at the end of the root word conditions the selection of this plural variant.
Yeni doğan bebekler ilk aylarda çevrelerindeki seslere ve parlak renklere karşı aşırı duyarlı olurlar.
Newborn babies become extremely sensitive to the sounds and bright colors around them in the first months.
-
teachers
The noun 'öğretmen' (teacher) paired with the plural suffix '-ler'. Because the final syllable contains the front unrounded vowel 'e', it aligns with the front-vowel variant under 2-way vowel harmony.
Okul kapanış töreninde bütün öğretmenler sahneye çıkıp öğrencileri tek tek tebrik etti.
At the school closing ceremony, all the teachers went up on stage and congratulated the students one by one.
-
students
The noun 'öğrenci' (student) pluralized via the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The unrounded front vowel 'i' at the end of the root word dictates this grammatical suffix selection.
Sınav sonuçları açıklanınca koridordaki öğrenciler arasında büyük bir sevinç dalgası yayıldı.
When the exam results were announced, a huge wave of joy spread among the students in the hallway.
-
doctors
The noun 'doktor' (doctor) pluralized using the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The back rounded vowel 'o' in the last syllable of the root mandates the selection of the '-lar' variant.
Acil servisteki doktorlar, ambulansla getirilen yaralılara müdahale etmek için saniyelerle yarışıyordu.
The doctors in the emergency room were racing against seconds to treat the injured brought by ambulance.
-
nurses
The noun 'hemşire' (nurse) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. It follows the rules of 2-way vowel harmony, matching the front unrounded vowel 'e' at the end of the root word.
Yoğun bakım ünitesindeki hemşireler, hastaların durumunu sabaha kadar titizlikle takip etti.
The nurses in the intensive care unit meticulously monitored the status of the patients until morning.
-
schools
The noun 'okul' (school) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. It complies with the 2-way vowel harmony rule, where the back rounded vowel 'u' in the final syllable of the root triggers the back-vowel suffix variant.
Yaz tatili yaklaştığı için şehirdeki bütün okullar son hafta dersleri gevşetip etkinlikler düzenlemeye başladı.
As the summer vacation approached, all the schools in the city started to ease up on lessons and organize events during the final week.
-
classrooms / classes
The noun 'sınıf' (classroom/class) pluralized using the suffix '-lar'. The back unrounded vowel 'ı' in the base word conditions the choice of the back plural marker according to 2-way vowel harmony.
LGS sınavı öncesinde okuldaki bütün sınıflar görevliler tarafından titizlikle dezenfekte edildi.
Prior to the LGS exam, all the classrooms in the school were meticulously disinfected by the staff.
-
desks / benches / rows
The noun 'sıra' (row/student desk) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. Because the root ends with the back unrounded vowel 'a', it matches with the back plural marker.
Amfideki boş sıralar dersin başlamasına dakikalar kala geç kalan öğrencilerle dolup taştı.
The empty rows in the lecture hall overflowed with late students just minutes before the class started.
-
notebooks
The noun 'defter' (notebook) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front unrounded vowel 'e' in the root's final syllable requires the front-vowel suffix variant under the rules of 2-way vowel harmony.
Eski dönemlere ait o el yazması defterler müzenin arşiv odasında özel bir sıcaklıkta korunuyor.
Those handwritten notebooks belonging to ancient periods are preserved at a specific temperature in the museum's archive room.
-
bags / backpacks
The noun 'çanta' (bag) pluralized via the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The final back unrounded vowel 'a' mandates the selection of the '-lar' variant.
Uçağa binmeden önce ağır çantalar bagaja teslim edildi, sırt çantaları ise kabine alındı.
Before boarding the plane, the heavy bags were checked into the cargo hold, while the backpacks were taken into the cabin.
-
glasses / spectacles
The noun 'gözlük' (glasses) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front rounded vowel 'ü' in the final syllable conditions a front-vowel plural marker alignment.
Mavi ışık filtreli yeni gözlükler sayesinde bilgisayar başında saatlerce çalışsam da gözlerim artık eskisi kadar yorulmuyor.
Thanks to the new glasses with blue light filters, my eyes don't get as tired as they used to even if I work at the computer for hours.
-
hours / clocks / watches
The noun 'saat' pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. This is a well-known exception to vowel harmony; because 'saat' is an Arabic loanword with a soft, fronted 'a' sound, it takes front-vowel suffixes.
Trafikte geçen o sıkıcı saatler ömrümden ömür götürdü diyebilirim.
I can say that those boring hours spent in traffic cut years off my life.
-
shoes
The compound noun 'ayakkabı' (shoe) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. It tracks 2-way vowel harmony based on the final back unrounded vowel 'ı' in the root word.
Çamurlu yolda yürüdükten sonra beyaz ayakkabılar tanınmaz hale geldi, acilen temizlemem lazım.
After walking on the muddy road, the white shoes became unrecognizable; I need to clean them urgently.
-
dresses / clothes
The noun 'elbise' (dress/clothing) pluralized using the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The unrounded front vowel 'e' at the end of the root triggers front vowel harmony, making '-ler' the required choice.
Vitrinlerde sergilenen o şık elbiseler mevsim sonu indirimiyle birlikte yarı fiyatına düştü.
Those elegant dresses displayed in the shop windows dropped to half price with the end-of-season sale.
-
shirts
The noun 'gömlek' (shirt) pluralized via the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front unrounded vowel 'e' within the root's final syllable dictates a front vowel suffix alignment.
İş görüşmesine gitmeden önce ütülediğim pamuklu gömlekler gardıropta kırışmadan bekliyor.
The cotton shirts I ironed before going to the job interview are waiting in the wardrobe without getting wrinkled.
-
trousers / pants
The noun 'pantolon' (pants) pluralized with the suffix '-lar'. It tracks the rules of 2-way vowel harmony, where the back rounded vowel 'o' in the final syllable of the root mandates the back-vowel suffix variant.
Kilo verince dolaptaki bütün kumaş pantolonlar belimden düşmeye başladı, acilen bir terziye gitmem gerek.
When I lost weight, all the dress pants in the closet started falling off my waist; I need to go to a tailor urgently.
-
jackets / coats
The noun 'ceket' (jacket) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front unrounded vowel 'e' in the root's final syllable requires the front-vowel suffix variant under 2-way vowel harmony parameters.
Kuru temizlemeden gelen yün ceketler kırışmasın diye hepsini tek tek kalın askılara astım.
I hung the wool jackets that came back from the dry cleaners on thick hangers one by one so they wouldn't wrinkle.
-
hats
The noun 'şapka' (hat) pluralized using the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. Because the root finishes with the back unrounded vowel 'a', it pairs harmoniously with the back plural marker.
Yaz tatili öncesinde başımıza güneş geçmesin diye hasır şapkalar alıp bavula koyduk.
Before the summer vacation, we bought straw hats and put them in the suitcase so we wouldn't get sunstroke.
-
scarves
The noun 'atkı' (scarf) pluralized via the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The final syllable features the back unrounded vowel 'ı', which structurally conditions the choice of '-lar'.
Babaannemin kış için ördüğü o kalın yün atkılar en sert ayazda bile bizi sıcacık tutuyor.
Those thick wool scarves my grandmother knitted for winter keep us toasty warm even in the harshest frost.
-
hands
The noun 'el' (hand) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. As a monosyllabic word containing the front unrounded vowel 'e', it aligns exclusively with the front plural marker.
Ayazda eldivensiz yürümekten ellerim çatladı, eve döner dönmez yoğun bir krem sürmem lazım.
My hands cracked from walking in the frost without gloves; I need to apply a heavy cream as soon as I get home.
-
feet
The noun 'ayak' (foot) pluralized using the suffix '-lar'. The final syllable contains the back unrounded vowel 'a', requiring the matching back plural suffix variant.
Bütün gün fuar alanında stantta durmaktan ayaklarıma kara sular indi.
My feet are absolutely killing me from standing at the booth in the fairground all day long.
-
eyes
The noun 'göz' (eye) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front rounded vowel 'ö' within the root word conditions a front-vowel plural marker alignment.
Uykusuzluktan ve bilgisayara bakmaktan gözlerim kan çanağına döndü.
My eyes turned bloodshot from lack of sleep and staring at the computer.
-
ears
The noun 'kulak' (ear) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The back rounded vowel 'u' and back unrounded 'a' inside the root mandate the selection of the '-lar' variant.
Konserde hoparlörün tam önünde durunca gürültüden kulaklarım saatlerce çınladı.
Standing right in front of the speaker at the concert made my ears ring for hours from the noise.
-
hair / hairs
The noun 'saç' (hair) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. In Turkish, 'saç' is often pluralized to refer to the collective hair on someone's head, following back vowel harmony.
Rüzgarda savrulan uzun saçlarım yüzümü kapatınca önümü görmekte zorlandım.
When my long hair blowing in the wind covered my face, I found it hard to see ahead.
-
faces
The noun 'yüz' (face) pluralized via the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front rounded vowel 'ü' in the base word conditions the choice of the '-ler' suffix according to 2-way vowel harmony.
Metrodaki o yorgun yüzleri görünce şehrin stresinin herkesi ne kadar yıprattığını bir kez daha anladım.
When I saw those tired faces on the metro, I realized once again how much the city's stress wears everyone down.
-
hearts
The noun 'kalp' (heart) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. This is a well-known exception to vowel harmony; as an Arabic loanword with a soft, palatalized 'l', it requires front-vowel suffixes despite the back vowel 'a' in the root.
Köy okulundaki çocukların sevgi dolu bakışları, oraya yardım götüren ekibin kalplerini eritti.
The loving gazes of the children in the village school melted the hearts of the team that brought aid there.
-
seas
The noun 'deniz' (sea) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. It strictly follows 2-way vowel harmony, pairing the front unrounded vowel 'i' of the final root syllable with the front plural marker.
Küresel ısınma bu hızla devam ederse, önümüzdeki yüzyılda denizler ve okyanuslar ciddi oranda yükselecek.
If global warming continues at this rate, seas and oceans will rise significantly in the next century.
-
rivers
The noun 'nehir' (river) pluralized via the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The unrounded front vowel 'i' in the final syllable of the base word triggers the front plural marker alignment.
Karlar aniden eriyince dağlardan aşağı coşkuyla akan nehirler yataklarına sığmayıp taştı.
When the snow suddenly melted, the rivers flowing enthusiastically down the mountains overflowed, unable to fit into their beds.
-
lakes
The noun 'göl' (lake) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. As a single-syllable word featuring the front rounded vowel 'ö', it aligns naturally with the front-vowel plural marker under 2-way harmony.
Uzun süren kuraklık nedeniyle bölgedeki küçük göller tamamen kurudu ve geriye sadece çatlamış topraklar kaldı.
Due to the prolonged drought, the small lakes in the region dried up completely, leaving behind only cracked earth.
-
mountains
The noun 'dağ' (mountain) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. It tracks 2-way vowel harmony based on the single back unrounded vowel 'a' within the root.
Karadeniz turumuz boyunca sisli dağlar arasından geçerek muazzam yaylalara ulaştık.
During our Black Sea tour, we passed through misty mountains and reached magnificent highlands.
-
roads / ways
The noun 'yol' (road/way) pluralized using the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The back rounded vowel 'o' in the root syllable conditions the choice of the '-lar' variant.
Aniden bastıran yoğun kar yağışı yüzünden şehirlere bağlanan bütün ana yollar trafiğe kapandı.
Due to the sudden heavy snowfall, all main roads connecting to the cities were closed to traffic.
-
streets
The noun 'sokak' (street) pluralized via the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The final syllable contains the back unrounded vowel 'a', which dictates the choice of '-lar' according to 2-way vowel harmony.
Eskişehir'in o şirin tarihi sokakları, hafta sonları fotoğraf çekilmek isteyen turistlerle dolup taşıyor.
The charming historical streets of Eskişehir overflow on weekends with tourists wanting to take photos.
-
buildings
The noun 'bina' (building) pluralized using the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. Because the root word ends with the back unrounded vowel 'a', it matches with the back plural marker.
Deprem yönetmeliğine uygun yapılmayan eski binalar, kentsel dönüşüm kapsamında tek tek yıkılıyor.
Old buildings that were not constructed in accordance with earthquake regulations are being demolished one by one under urban renewal.
-
hotels
The noun 'otel' (hotel) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front unrounded vowel 'e' in the final syllable of the root mandates a front plural marker alignment.
Turizm sezonu erken açılınca sahildeki bütün oteller daha mayıs ayından tam doluluk oranına ulaştı.
As the tourism season opened early, all the hotels on the coast reached full occupancy rates as early as May.
-
restaurants
The noun 'lokanta' (restaurant) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. It tracks 2-way vowel harmony based on the final back unrounded vowel 'a' in the root word.
Gaziantep'teki yerel lokantalar, lezzetli kebaplar ve baklava tatmak isteyen gurmelerin akınına uğruyor.
Local restaurants in Gaziantep are flooded with foodies who want to taste delicious kebabs and baklava.
-
meals / dishes / food items
The noun 'yemek' (food/meal/dish) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. It adheres to 2-way vowel harmony because the final syllable of the root features the front unrounded vowel 'e'.
Düğün davetinde ikram edilen geleneksel yemekler konukların damaklarında unutulmaz bir tat bıraktı.
The traditional dishes served at the wedding reception left an unforgettable taste on the guests' palates.
-
fruits
The noun 'meyve' (fruit) pluralized using the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The unrounded front vowel 'e' at the end of the root dictates the selection of this plural marker format.
Yaz aylarında pazar tezgahlarını süsleyen taze meyveler hem çok lezzetli hem de oldukça serinletici oluyor.
The fresh fruits decorating the market stalls in the summer months are both highly delicious and quite refreshing.
-
vegetables
The noun 'sebze' (vegetable) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. It tracks 2-way vowel harmony seamlessly since all vowels in the base word are unrounded front vowels.
Diyetisyenim, akşam yemeklerinde ağır karbonhidratlar yerine buharda pişmiş sebzeler tüketmemi önerdi.
My dietitian recommended that I consume steamed vegetables at dinner instead of heavy carbohydrates.
-
loaves of bread / breads
The noun 'ekmek' (bread) pluralized via the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The final closed syllable contains the front unrounded vowel 'e', making '-ler' the harmonically accurate suffix choice.
Fırından yeni çıkan sıcak ekmekler o kadar güzel kokuyordu ki eve varana kadar bir tanesinin köşesini kopardım.
The hot breads freshly out of the oven smelled so good that I broke off the corner of one loaf until I reached home.
-
waters / bodies of water
The noun 'su' (water) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The back rounded vowel 'u' within the single-syllable root structurally conditions the back plural marker variant.
Karların erimesiyle birlikte dağlardan akan coşkun sular aşağıdaki küçük baraj gölünü tamamen doldurdu.
With the melting of the snow, the rushing waters flowing from the mountains completely filled the small dam lake below.
-
teas / glasses of tea
The noun 'çay' (tea) pluralized using the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. Since the root contains the single back unrounded vowel 'a', it aligns with the back-vowel variant under 2-way harmony.
Toplantı arasında ince belli bardaklarda gelen tavşan kanı çaylar herkesin yorgunluğunu bir anda aldı.
The deep-red teas served in tulip-shaped glasses during the meeting break instantly relieved everyone's fatigue.
-
coffees / cups of coffee
The noun 'kahve' (coffee) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. It follows the rules of 2-way vowel harmony, matching the front unrounded vowel 'e' at the end of the root word.
Eski dostlarla yapılan o derin sohbet eşliğinde içilen Türk kahveleri günün en keyifli anıydı.
The Turkish coffees drunk during that deep conversation with old friends was the most enjoyable moment of the day.
-
glasses / cups
The noun 'bardak' (glass/cup) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The final syllable features the back unrounded vowel 'a', which dictates the choice of '-lar'.
Bulaşık makinesini boşaltırken dikkatsizlik yüzünden üst raftaki kristal bardaklar yere düşüp tuzla buz oldu.
While emptying the dishwasher, due to carelessness, the crystal glasses on the top shelf fell to the floor and shattered into pieces.
-
plates / dishes
The noun 'tabak' (plate) pluralized using the suffix '-lar'. Because the final syllable contains the back unrounded vowel 'a', it pairs with the corresponding back plural suffix variant.
Açık büfe kahvaltıda lezzetli yiyecekleri gören misafirler tabakları tepeleme doldurmaya başladı.
Seeing the delicious food at the open buffet breakfast, the guests started to pile their plates high.
-
forks
The noun 'çatal' (fork) pluralized via the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The back unrounded vowel 'a' in the final syllable mandates the selection of the '-lar' variant.
Resmi akşam yemeği protokolünde, tabağın sol tarafına dizilen farklı boyuttaki çatallar kafamı epey karıştırdı.
In official dinner protocol, the forks of different sizes arranged on the left side of the plate left me quite confused.
-
knives
The noun 'bıçak' (knife) pluralized with the suffix '-lar'. It tracks the 2-way vowel harmony rule, where the back unrounded vowel 'ı' in the final syllable of the root mandates the back-vowel suffix variant.
Kurban bayramı öncesinde mutfaktaki bütün büyük bıçaklar körelmiş mi diye kontrol edilip biletildi.
Before the Eid al-Adha holiday, all the large knives in the kitchen were checked to see if they were dull and were sharpened.
-
spoons
The noun 'kaşık' (spoon) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The final syllable contains the back unrounded vowel 'ı', which conditions the choice of '-lar' according to 2-way vowel harmony.
Çorba servisi başlamadan önce masadaki yemek takımlarına uygun gümüş kaşıklar özenle yerleştirildi.
Before the soup service began, silver spoons matching the dinnerware on the table were carefully placed.
-
pots / saucepans
The noun 'tencere' (pot/saucepan) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front unrounded vowel 'e' at the end of the root dictates this suffix selection based on 2-way vowel harmony.
Büyük kışlık hazırlığı için dolaplardan o kocaman çelik tencereler çıkarılıp temizlendi.
For the big winter preparation, those huge steel pots were taken out of the cupboards and cleaned.
-
salt shakers
The noun 'tuzluk' (salt shaker) pluralized via the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The back rounded vowel 'u' in the final syllable of the root conditions the back plural marker alignment.
Restorandaki garsonlar masaları silerken boşalan tuzluklar ve biberlikleri tek tek doldurdu.
While wiping the tables, the waiters at the restaurant filled up the empty salt and pepper shakers one by one.
-
candies / sweets / sugars
The noun 'şeker' (sugar/candy) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front unrounded vowel 'e' in the final syllable of the base word triggers the front plural marker alignment.
Bayramda kapıyı çalan çocuklara ikram etmek için marketten rengarenk jöleli şekerler aldım.
I bought colorful jelly candies from the supermarket to offer to the children who knock on the door during the holiday.
-
apples
The noun 'elma' (apple) pluralized using the suffix '-lar'. Because the root ends in the back unrounded vowel 'a', it pairs exclusively with the back-vowel plural marker.
Bahçeden topladığımız o sulu kırmızı elmalar kasalara dizilerek soğuk hava deposuna kaldırıldı.
Those juicy red apples we gathered from the garden were arranged in crates and moved to cold storage.
-
pears
The noun 'armut' (pear) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The back rounded vowel 'u' in the root's final syllable requires the back-vowel suffix variant under the rules of 2-way vowel harmony.
Pazardan aldığım Ankara armutları o kadar sertti ki olgunlaşmaları için birkaç gün sepette beklettim.
The Ankara pears I bought from the market were so hard that I kept them in a basket for a few days to ripen.
-
bananas
The noun 'muz' (banana) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. As a single-syllable word with the back rounded vowel 'u', it aligns with the back plural marker.
Buzdolabına koyduğum muzlar soğuktan dolayı bir günde kararıp yumuşacık olmuş.
The bananas I put in the fridge turned black and got super soft in one day due to the cold.
-
strawberries
The noun 'çilek' (strawberry) pluralized via the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front unrounded vowel 'e' within the root's final syllable dictates a front vowel suffix alignment.
Doğum günü pastasını süslemek için aldığım taze çilekler mis gibi kokusuyla bütün mutfağı sardı.
The fresh strawberries I bought to decorate the birthday cake filled the whole kitchen with their fragrant smell.
-
oranges
The noun 'portakal' (orange) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. It tracks 2-way vowel harmony based on the final back unrounded vowel 'a' in the root word.
Kışın hastalıktan korunmak için her sabah kilolarca portakallar sıkıp suyunu ailecek içiyoruz.
To protect ourselves from illness in winter, we squeeze kilos of oranges every morning and drink the juice as a family.
-
lemons
The noun 'limon' (lemon) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. It complies with 2-way vowel harmony because the final syllable of the root features the back rounded vowel 'o'.
Pazardan aldığım o sulu limonlar tezgahta bekleye bekleye kurumaya yüz tutmuş.
Those juicy lemons I bought from the market have started to dry out from just sitting on the counter.
-
tomatoes
The noun 'domates' (tomato) pluralized using the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front unrounded vowel 'e' in the root's final syllable dictates this choice according to 2-way vowel harmony.
Yazın tarla domatesleri çıkınca kışlık sos yapmak için kasalarla sipariş verdik.
When the field tomatoes came out in the summer, we ordered them by the crate to make winter sauce.
-
peppers
The noun 'biber' (pepper) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. It tracks 2-way vowel harmony perfectly, matching the front unrounded vowel 'e' in the base word's final syllable.
Közlemek için aldığım kırmızı biberler fırında biraz fazla kalınca kömür gibi kapkara oldu.
The red peppers I bought for roasting turned pitch black like coal when they were left in the oven a bit too long.
-
potatoes
The noun 'patates' (potato) pluralized via the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The final closed syllable contains the front unrounded vowel 'e', making '-ler' the harmonically accurate suffix variant.
Kızartmalık diye aldığım patatesler o kadar tatlı çıktı ki çıtır çıtır pişirmeyi bir türlü beceremedim.
The potatoes I bought specifically for frying turned out so sweet that I just couldn't manage to cook them crispy.
-
onions
The noun 'soğan' (onion) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The back unrounded vowel 'a' within the final syllable structurally conditions the back plural marker variant.
Menemen için soğanları doğrarken gözlerimden o kadar çok yaş geldi ki mutfaktan kaçmak zorunda kaldım.
While chopping the onions for menemen, so many tears came from my eyes that I had to run out of the kitchen.
-
diaries / journals
The noun 'günlük' (diary/journal) pluralized using the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front rounded vowel 'ü' in the root's final syllable requires the front-vowel suffix alignment under 2-way harmony rules.
Ünlü yazarın ölümünden sonra tozlu raflardan çıkan eski günlükler edebiyat tarihine ışık tutacak cinsten.
The old diaries that emerged from dusty shelves after the famous writer's death are the kind that will shed light on literary history.
-
weeks
The noun 'hafta' (week) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. Because the root finishes with the back unrounded vowel 'a', it pairs seamlessly with the back plural marker.
Sınav maratonuna hazırlanırken geçen o yoğun haftalar boyunca sosyal hayatımı tamamen sıfırladım.
During those intense weeks spent preparing for the exam marathon, I completely wiped out my social life.
-
months / moons
The noun 'ay' (month/moon) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. As a single-syllable word containing the back unrounded vowel 'a', it takes the back plural variant.
Projenin onaylanması için bürokratik engellerle uğraştığımız o aylar bizi resmen canımızdan bezdirdi.
Those months we spent dealing with bureaucratic obstacles just to get the project approved literally drove us completely out of our minds.
-
years
The noun 'yıl' (year) pluralized via the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The single back unrounded vowel 'ı' in the root mandates the selection of the '-lar' variant under 2-way vowel harmony parameters.
Üniversiteden mezun olduktan sonra geçen uzun yıllar bile kurduğumuz o sıkı dostluğu yıpratamadı.
Even the long years that passed after graduating from university couldn't wear down that tight friendship we formed.
-
Muslims
The proper noun 'Müslüman' (Muslim) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. It tracks 2-way vowel harmony based on the final back unrounded vowel 'a' in the root word.
Ramazan ayının gelmesiyle birlikte dünyadaki bütün Müslümanlar oruç tutmak için hazırlıklarını tamamladı.
With the arrival of the month of Ramadan, all Muslims around the world completed their preparations to fast.
-
Christians
The proper noun 'Hristiyan' (Christian) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. It tracks the rules of 2-way vowel harmony based on the back unrounded vowel 'a' in the final syllable of the root word.
Aralık ayı sonuna doğru yaklaşırken şehirdeki bütün Hristiyanlar Noel bayramı için hazırlıklara başlıyor.
As the end of December approaches, all the Christians in the city begin preparations for the Christmas holiday.
-
Turks / Turkish people
The proper noun 'Türk' (Turk) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. As a single-syllable root containing the front rounded vowel 'ü', it pairs exclusively with the front plural marker.
Gittiğimiz her ülkede misafirperverlik söz konusu olunca yabancılar hemen 'Siz Türkler gerçekten çok sıcakkanlısınız' diyor.
In every country we go to, when it comes to hospitality, foreigners immediately say, 'You Turks are truly very warm-hearted.'
-
Germans
The proper noun 'Alman' (German) pluralized using the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The final syllable contains the back unrounded vowel 'a', which mandates the selection of the '-lar' variant.
Bizim buradaki yerel festivale katılan Almanlar, Türk yemeklerinin lezzetine ve çeşitliliğine tam anlamıyla bayıldı.
The Germans who participated in our local festival absolutely adored the flavor and diversity of Turkish food.
-
French people / the French
The proper noun 'Fransız' (French) pluralized via the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The final syllable features the back unrounded vowel 'ı', which structurally conditions the choice of '-lar'.
Mutfak kültürlerine son derece düşkün olan Fransızlar, peynir ve ekmek üretimi konusunda asırlık geleneklerini koruyorlar.
The French, who are extremely fond of their culinary culture, protect their centuries-old traditions regarding cheese and bread production.
-
English people / the British
The proper noun 'İngiliz' (English/British) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. It tracks 2-way vowel harmony perfectly, matching the front unrounded vowel 'i' in the base word's final syllable.
Yaz tatili için Akdeniz kıyılarını seçen İngilizler, buralardan ev alıp tamamen yerleşmeyi alışkanlık haline getirdi.
The English, who choose the Mediterranean coasts for summer vacation, have made it a habit to buy houses here and settle down completely.
-
questions
The noun 'soru' (question) pluralized with the back-vowel suffix '-lar'. The back rounded vowel 'u' in the root's final syllable requires the back-vowel suffix variant under 2-way vowel harmony rules.
Mülakat bittikten sonra jüri üyelerinin sorduğu o detaylı sorular karşısında epey terledim.
I sweat quite a bit in the face of those detailed questions asked by the jury members after the interview ended.
-
answers / replies
The noun 'cevap' (answer) pluralized using the suffix '-lar'. Because the root contains the back unrounded vowel 'a' in its final syllable, it pairs with the corresponding back plural marker.
E-postalara verdiğin yuvarlak cevaplar iş ortaklarımızın kafasını karıştırmaktan başka bir işe yaramadı.
The vague replies you gave to the emails did nothing but confuse our business partners.
-
words
The noun 'kelime' (word) pluralized via the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The unrounded front vowel 'e' at the end of the root triggers front vowel harmony, making '-ler' the required choice.
Şiir yazarken hissettiği duyguları tam yansıtabilmek için kelimeleri adeta bir kuyumcu gibi titizlikle seçmiş.
In order to fully reflect the emotions he felt while writing poetry, he chose the words meticulously, almost like a jeweler.
-
sentences
The noun 'cümle' (sentence) pluralized via the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. The front unrounded vowel 'e' within the root's final syllable dictates a front vowel suffix alignment.
Kitabın girişindeki o felsefi cümleler o kadar uzundu ki konunun özünü yakalayabilmek için sayfayı tekrar okudum.
Those philosophical sentences at the beginning of the book were so long that I read the page again just to capture the essence of the topic.
-
letters (of the alphabet)
The noun 'harf' (letter) pluralized with the front-vowel suffix '-ler'. This is an Arabic loanword exception; because the root has a soft, palatalized 'f' sound in its linguistic history, it takes front-vowel suffixes despite the back vowel 'a'.
Klavyenin üzerindeki bazı harfler zamanla silindiği için yazarken bakmadan yazmak zorunda kalıyorum.
Because some letters on the keyboard have rubbed off over time, I have to type without looking while writing.
That is the free part
17 more categories of Turkish Flashcards (Türkçe)
You have read 3 of 20. The rest of this course is not open yet — subscriptions are coming soon. Every story here is free to read in the meantime, and stays free.
Not ready? Read the stories — all of them are free, no account needed.