Substantiv: Kjønn og artikler
Learners study the classification of masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns along with their corresponding indefinite and definite articles.
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a man
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'mann' (man). In Norwegian, masculine nouns use the indefinite article 'en' and have specific declension patterns.
En mann ventet på bussen i regnet.
A man waited for the bus in the rain.
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the man
Definite form of 'mann' (man). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to indicate definiteness, equivalent to the English definite article 'the'.
Mannen leste avisen mens han drakk kaffe.
The man read the newspaper while drinking coffee.
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a woman
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'kvinne' (woman). Feminine nouns may take the optional article 'ei' (often replaced by 'en' in some dialects).
Ei kvinne i rød kjole vinket til oss.
A woman in a red dress waved to us.
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the woman
Definite form of 'kvinne' (woman). Feminine nouns typically add '-a' to indicate definiteness, though some varieties of Norwegian use '-en' (from masculine pattern).
Kvinna smilte og gikk videre.
The woman smiled and walked on.
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a child
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'barn' (child). Neuter nouns use the article 'et' and have distinct rules for definiteness and plural formation.
Et barn på sykkel synger høyt.
A child on a bicycle is singing loudly.
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the child
Definite form of 'barn' (child). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to form the definite singular, equivalent to the English definite article 'the'.
Barnet sovnet med en bok i hendene.
The child fell asleep with a book in their hands.
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a car
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'bil' (car). As a masculine noun, it takes 'en' in the indefinite form.
En bil parkerte rett utenfor inngangen.
A car parked right outside the entrance.
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the car
Definite form of 'bil' (car). Masculine nouns add '-en' to mark definiteness, following the regular pattern for masculine gender.
Bilen startet ikke i kulden i morges.
The car wouldn't start in the cold this morning.
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a book
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'bok' (book). Feminine nouns optionally use 'ei' or (in some dialects) the masculine 'en' as indefinite article.
Ei bok om norsk historie ligger på bordet.
A book about Norwegian history lies on the table.
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the book
Definite form of 'bok' (book). Feminine nouns regularly form the definite with '-a' (e.g., 'boka'), though -en forms also occur in conservative writing.
Boka var så spennende at jeg leste hele natten.
The book was so exciting that I read all night.
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a house
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'hus' (house). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow specific patterns for definiteness and plural.
Et hus med røde vinduer skiller seg ut i gata.
A house with red windows stands out on the street.
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the house
Definite form of 'hus' (house). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to mark definiteness, equivalent to the English definite article 'the'.
Huset har stått tomt i over et år nå.
The house has stood empty for over a year now.
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a dog
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'hund' (dog). Masculine nouns use 'en' as their indefinite article.
En hund bjeffet mot postbudet hver morgen.
A dog barked at the mail carrier every morning.
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the dog
Definite form of 'hund' (dog). Masculine nouns add '-en' to the stem to form the definite singular.
Hunden la seg på teppet foran peisen.
The dog lay down on the rug in front of the fireplace.
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a cat
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'katt' (cat). Feminine nouns optionally take 'ei' as indefinite article, though some dialects use 'en'.
Ei katt satt på gjerdet og stirret inn i stua.
A cat sat on the fence and stared into the living room.
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the cat
Definite form of 'katt' (cat). Feminine nouns typically add '-a' to form the definite singular, though '-en' variants also occur.
Katta kom alltid hjem når det begynte å regne.
The cat always came home when it started to rain.
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a table
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'bord' (table). As a neuter noun, it takes the article 'et'.
Et bord fullt av bøker og papirer stod midt på gulvet.
A table full of books and papers stood in the middle of the floor.
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the table
Definite form of 'bord' (table). Neuter nouns add '-et' to form the definite singular.
Bordet var dekket til fire personer med hvite servietter.
The table was set for four people with white napkins.
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a chair
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'stol' (chair). Masculine nouns take the indefinite article 'en'.
En stol knakk da han satte seg på den for hardt.
A chair broke when he sat down on it too hard.
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the chair
Definite form of 'stol' (chair). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to form the definite singular.
Stolen i hjørnet er bestefars favorittplass.
The chair in the corner is grandfather's favorite spot.
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a door
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'dør' (door). Feminine nouns take the article 'ei' in the indefinite form, reflecting the three-gender system of Norwegian.
Ei dør sto på gløtt og slapp inn kald luft.
A door stood ajar and let in cold air.
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the door
Definite form of 'dør' (door). Feminine nouns typically add the suffix '-a' to indicate definiteness, equivalent to 'the' in English.
Døra smalt igjen av trekket fra vinduet.
The door slammed shut from the draft from the window.
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a window
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'vindu' (window). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the regular neuter declension pattern.
Et vindu på andre etasje var knust.
A window on the second floor was broken.
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the window
Definite form of 'vindu' (window). Neuter nouns add the definite suffix '-et' to form the definite singular.
Vinduet ga utsikt over hele bydelen.
The window offered a view over the entire neighborhood.
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a cup
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'kopp' (cup). Masculine nouns use 'en' as their indefinite article, following the standard masculine pattern.
En kopp med varm sjokolade sto på bordet.
A cup of hot chocolate stood on the table.
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the cup
Definite form of 'kopp' (cup). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to form the definite singular.
Koppen var full av kaffe da hun kom inn.
The cup was full of coffee when she came in.
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a spoon
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'skje' (spoon). As a feminine noun, it takes 'ei' in the indefinite form, though some dialects may use 'en'.
Ei skje av sølv hang på veggen som pynt.
A silver spoon hung on the wall as decoration.
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the spoon
Definite form of 'skje' (spoon). Feminine nouns typically form the definite with the suffix '-a'.
Skjea lå ved siden av tallerkenen hele dagen.
The spoon lay beside the plate all day.
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a glass
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'glass' (glass). The neuter noun takes the article 'et' and follows neuter noun inflection patterns.
Et glass med vann ble skjenket til hver gjest.
A glass of water was poured for each guest.
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the glass
Definite form of 'glass' (glass). Neuter nouns add the definite suffix '-et' to form the definite singular.
Glasset gikk i gulvet da han snublet.
The glass fell to the floor when he tripped.
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a knife
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'kniv' (knife). Masculine nouns take 'en' as the indefinite article, reflecting the gender system of Norwegian.
En kniv uten skaft ligger i skuffen.
A knife without a handle lies in the drawer.
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the knife
Definite form of 'kniv' (knife). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to mark definiteness, equivalent to the English 'the'.
Kniven var så sløv at den ikke skar gjennom brødet.
The knife was so dull that it wouldn't cut through the bread.
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a watch / a clock
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'klokke' (clock/watch). This feminine noun takes the optional article 'ei', though some speakers use 'en' in everyday speech.
Ei klokke av gull ble stjålet fra utstillingen.
A gold watch was stolen from the exhibition.
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the watch / the clock
Definite form of 'klokke' (clock/watch). Feminine nouns typically add the definite suffix '-a' to indicate the specific referent.
Klokka hang skjevt på veggen hele dagen.
The clock hung crookedly on the wall all day.
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an apple
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'eple' (apple). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the regular neuter declension in the definite and plural.
Et eple falt ned fra treet og rullet bortover bakken.
An apple fell from the tree and rolled across the ground.
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the apple
Definite form of 'eple' (apple). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to form the definite singular, corresponding to English 'the'.
Eplet var rødt og saftig, helt perfekt å spise.
The apple was red and juicy, perfectly good to eat.
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a banana
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'banan' (banana). This masculine noun uses 'en' in the indefinite form, following the standard masculine pattern.
En banan ligger ved siden av frokostbollen.
A banana lies next to the breakfast bowl.
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the banana
Definite form of 'banan' (banana). Masculine nouns form the definite singular by adding the suffix '-en'.
Bananen hadde begynt å bli brun i skallet.
The banana had started to turn brown on the peel.
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a newspaper
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'avis' (newspaper). The feminine noun uses 'ei' as its indefinite article, maintaining the feminine gender distinction.
Ei avis fra i går lå igjen på kafébordet.
A newspaper from yesterday was left on the café table.
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the newspaper
Definite form of 'avis' (newspaper). Feminine nouns add the suffix '-a' to form the definite singular, as in the regular feminine pattern.
Avisa skrev om strømprisene på forsiden.
The newspaper wrote about electricity prices on the front page.
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a letter
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'brev' (letter). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the neuter pattern for definiteness.
Et brev uten avsender dukket opp i postkassen i dag.
A letter without a sender appeared in the mailbox today.
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the letter
Definite form of 'brev' (letter). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to indicate definiteness, equivalent to the English 'the'.
Brevet var skrevet med vakker håndskrift på gammelt papir.
The letter was written in beautiful handwriting on old paper.
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a boy
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'gutt' (boy). Masculine nouns use the indefinite article 'en'.
En gutt på sykkel kjørte forbi i full fart.
A boy on a bicycle raced past at full speed.
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the boy
Definite form of 'gutt' (boy). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to form the definite singular.
Gutten gråt fordi han hadde mistet mobilen sin.
The boy cried because he had lost his phone.
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a girl
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'jente' (girl). As a feminine noun, it takes the optional article 'ei', though many dialects use 'en' as well.
Ei jente med rød lue ventet på bussen i snøværet.
A girl in a red hat waited for the bus in the snowfall.
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the girl
Definite form of 'jente' (girl). Feminine nouns typically add the suffix '-a' to form the definite singular, indicating a specific girl.
Jenta over til venstre er klassekameraten min.
The girl over on the left is my classmate.
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a tree
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'tre' (tree). The neuter noun takes the article 'et' and follows the regular neuter declension.
Et tre med gule blader markerer innkjørselen til gården.
A tree with yellow leaves marks the driveway to the farm.
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the tree
Definite form of 'tre' (tree). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to indicate the definite singular, like 'the tree' in English.
Treet i hagen ga skygge hele sommeren.
The tree in the garden provided shade all summer.
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a city / a town
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'by' (city/town). Masculine nouns take 'en' as the indefinite article, here for a settlement of significant size.
En by med 50 000 innbyggere ligger ved fjorden.
A city of 50,000 inhabitants lies by the fjord.
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the city / the town
Definite form of 'by' (city/town). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to form the definite singular, referring to a specific urban area.
Byen var pyntet med flagg til nasjonaldagen.
The city was decorated with flags for National Day.
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a bed
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'seng' (bed). Feminine nouns take the optional article 'ei' in the indefinite form, though many speakers use 'en'.
Ei seng med rene laken ventet på gjestene.
A bed with clean sheets waited for the guests.
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the bed
Definite form of 'seng' (bed). Feminine nouns typically add the suffix '-a' to form the definite singular.
Senga knirket hver gang hun snudde seg.
The bed creaked every time she turned over.
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a country
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'land' (country). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the standard neuter inflection patterns.
Et land med fjorder og fjell drar mange turister.
A country with fjords and mountains attracts many tourists.
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the country
Definite form of 'land' (country). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to mark definiteness, equivalent to the English 'the'.
Landet har hatt en mild vinter i år.
The country has had a mild winter this year.
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a teacher
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'lærer' (teacher). This is a masculine noun and takes the indefinite article 'en'.
En lærer med lang erfaring begynte på skolen i høst.
A teacher with long experience started at the school this autumn.
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the teacher
Definite form of 'lærer' (teacher). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to form the definite singular.
Læreren forklarte matteoppgaven på en ny måte.
The teacher explained the math problem in a new way.
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a sun
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'sol' (sun). Though usually definite in context, this form shows the feminine noun taking 'ei'.
Ei sol som skinner gjennom skyene gir håp om finvær.
A sun shining through the clouds gives hope for good weather.
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the sun
Definite form of 'sol' (sun). Feminine nouns add the suffix '-a' to form the definite singular, used in everyday reference to the sun.
Sola stod høyt på himmelen hele dagen.
The sun stood high in the sky all day.
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a picture / an image
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'bilde' (picture/image). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the neuter declension pattern.
Et bilde fra bryllupet hang over sofaen.
A picture from the wedding hung above the sofa.
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the picture / the image
Definite form of 'bilde' (picture/image). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to mark definiteness in the singular.
Bildet viser en solnedgang over fjorden.
The picture shows a sunset over the fjord.
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a student
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'elev' (student/pupil). Masculine nouns take the article 'en' in the indefinite form.
En elev fra parallellklassen vant skolekonkurransen.
A student from the parallel class won the school competition.
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the student
Definite form of 'elev' (student/pupil). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to mark definiteness, equivalent to 'the' in English.
Eleven hadde glemt boka si hjemme i dag.
The student had forgotten their book at home today.
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a cabin
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'hytte' (cabin/cottage). Feminine nouns take the optional article 'ei' in the indefinite form.
Ei hytte ved sjøen er drømmen for mange nordmenn.
A cabin by the sea is the dream for many Norwegians.
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the cabin
Definite form of 'hytte' (cabin/cottage). Feminine nouns typically add the suffix '-a' to form the definite singular.
Hytta har strøm og innlagt vann nå.
The cabin has electricity and running water now.
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an office
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'kontor' (office). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the standard neuter declension.
Et kontor med vinduer ut mot parken er ledig.
An office with windows facing the park is available.
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the office
Definite form of 'kontor' (office). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to indicate definiteness in the singular.
Kontoret er stengt mellom klokka 16 og 17.
The office is closed between 4 and 5 PM.
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a phone
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'telefon' (telephone/phone). Masculine nouns use 'en' as their indefinite article.
En telefon med knust skjerm ligger i skuffen.
A phone with a cracked screen lies in the drawer.
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the phone
Definite form of 'telefon' (phone). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to form the definite singular.
Telefonen ringte midt under middagen.
The phone rang in the middle of dinner.
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a bottle
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'flaske' (bottle). This feminine noun takes the optional article 'ei' in the indefinite form.
Ei flaske med rødvin stod på kjøkkenbenken.
A bottle of red wine stood on the kitchen counter.
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the bottle
Definite form of 'flaske' (bottle). Feminine nouns form the definite singular by adding the suffix '-a'.
Flaska var tom, så jeg kastet den i panten.
The bottle was empty, so I threw it in the recycling.
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an airplane
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'fly' (airplane). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the standard neuter declension pattern.
Et fly med passasjerer fra hele verden landet nettopp.
An airplane with passengers from all over the world just landed.
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the airplane
Definite form of 'fly' (airplane). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to mark definiteness in the singular.
Flyet ble forsinket på grunn av tåke over Oslo.
The airplane was delayed due to fog over Oslo.
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a guide / a mentor
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'veileder' (guide/mentor). This masculine noun uses 'en' as its indefinite article.
En veileder hjelper nye ansatte med å finne seg til rette.
A guide helps new employees find their bearings.
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the guide / the mentor
Definite form of 'veileder' (guide/mentor). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to form the definite singular.
Veilederen ga gode råd om hvordan jeg skulle skrive søknaden.
The mentor gave good advice on how to write the application.
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a bag
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'veske' (bag/purse). Feminine nouns take the optional article 'ei' in the indefinite form.
Ei veske med pc og bøker er tung å bære langt.
A bag with a laptop and books is heavy to carry far.
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the bag
Definite form of 'veske' (bag/purse). Feminine nouns add the suffix '-a' to form the definite singular.
Veska var full av kvitteringer og gamle lapper.
The bag was full of receipts and old notes.
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a map
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'kart' (map). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the neuter inflection pattern.
Et kart over skogsområdet kan kjøpes på turistkontoret.
A map of the forest area can be bought at the tourist office.
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the map
Definite form of 'kart' (map). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to mark definiteness in the singular.
Kartet viser alle stiene opp til fjelltoppen.
The map shows all the trails up to the mountain peak.
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a key
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'nøkkel' (key). Masculine nouns use 'en' as their indefinite article.
En nøkkel med blått bånd hang på knaggen ved døra.
A key with a blue ribbon hung on the peg by the door.
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the key
Definite form of 'nøkkel' (key). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to form the definite singular.
Nøkkelen var lett å finne fordi jeg hang den på samme sted hver dag.
The key was easy to find because I hung it in the same place every day.
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a daughter
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'datter' (daughter). Feminine nouns take the optional article 'ei' in the indefinite form, maintaining the feminine gender.
Ei datter på femten har begynt å spille gitar.
A daughter of fifteen has started playing guitar.
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the daughter
Definite form of 'datter' (daughter). Feminine nouns typically add the suffix '-a' to form the definite singular.
Dattera overtok familiens bakeri i fjor.
The daughter took over the family's bakery last year.
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a closet / a cabinet
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'skap' (closet/cabinet). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the standard neuter declension.
Et skap fullt av gamle brettspill står på loftet.
A closet full of old board games stands in the attic.
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the closet / the cabinet
Definite form of 'skap' (closet/cabinet). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to indicate definiteness in the singular.
Skapet i gangen har plass til alt yttertøyet.
The closet in the hallway has room for all the outerwear.
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a shoe
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'sko' (shoe). Masculine nouns take 'en' as their indefinite article.
En sko med hull i sålen er ødelagt.
A shoe with a hole in the sole is ruined.
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the shoe
Definite form of 'sko' (shoe). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to form the definite singular.
Skoen var for trang, så hun byttet i en annen.
The shoe was too tight, so she changed into another one.
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a cart / a trolley
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'trale' (cart/trolley). This feminine noun takes the optional article 'ei' in the indefinite form.
Ei tralle med steiner sto parkert utenfor byggeplassen.
A cart with stones was parked outside the construction site.
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the cart / the trolley
Definite form of 'trale' (cart/trolley). Feminine nouns add the suffix '-a' to form the definite singular.
Tralla var vanskelig å dytte i oppoverbakken.
The cart was difficult to push uphill.
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a hotel
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'hotell' (hotel). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the regular neuter pattern.
Et hotell med spa og basseng åpnet i sentrum i vår.
A hotel with a spa and pool opened in the city center this spring.
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the hotel
Definite form of 'hotell' (hotel). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to form the definite singular.
Hotellet tilbyr frokost fra klokka seks hver morgen.
The hotel serves breakfast from six o'clock every morning.
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a boat
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'båt' (boat). Masculine nouns take the article 'en' in the indefinite form.
En båt med fiskere la ut fra brygga tidlig i morges.
A boat with fishermen set out from the pier early this morning.
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the boat
Definite form of 'båt' (boat). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to mark definiteness in the singular.
Båten gynget stille i havna hele natten.
The boat rocked gently in the harbor all night.
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a star
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'stjerne' (star). Feminine nouns take the optional article 'ei' in the indefinite form.
Ei stjerne falt ned fra himmelen og lyste opp mørket.
A star fell from the sky and lit up the darkness.
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the star
Definite form of 'stjerne' (star). Feminine nouns add the suffix '-a' to form the definite singular.
Stjerna på juletreet var laget av glass.
The star on the Christmas tree was made of glass.
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a mountain
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'fjell' (mountain). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the standard neuter inflection.
Et fjell på over 2000 meter er en utfordring å bestige.
A mountain over 2000 meters is a challenge to climb.
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the mountain
Definite form of 'fjell' (mountain). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to mark definiteness in the singular.
Fjellet var dekket av snø helt til juni.
The mountain was covered in snow all the way until June.
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a screen
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'skjerm' (screen). Masculine nouns use 'en' as their indefinite article.
En skjerm med høy oppløsning gjør filmopplevelsen bedre.
A screen with high resolution enhances the movie experience.
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the screen
Definite form of 'skjerm' (screen). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to form the definite singular.
Skjermen på mobilen sprakk da den falt i bakken.
The screen on the phone cracked when it fell on the ground.
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a night
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'natt' (night). As a feminine noun, it takes the optional article 'ei' in the indefinite form.
Ei natt med fullmåne er perfekt for å gå tur.
A night with a full moon is perfect for taking a walk.
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the night
Definite form of 'natt' (night). Feminine nouns typically add the suffix '-a' to form the definite singular.
Natta var stille og mørk, uten et eneste vindpust.
The night was still and dark, without a single breath of wind.
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a light
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'lys' (light). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the standard neuter declension pattern.
Et lys i gangen flimret og slukket plutselig.
A light in the hallway flickered and suddenly went out.
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the light
Definite form of 'lys' (light). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to mark definiteness in the singular.
Lyset fra gatelykten falt inn gjennom gardinene.
The light from the streetlamp fell in through the curtains.
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a bag / a sack
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'sekk' (bag/sack). Masculine nouns use 'en' as their indefinite article.
En sekk full av poteter sto i boden.
A sack full of potatoes stood in the storeroom.
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the bag / the sack
Definite form of 'sekk' (bag/sack). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to form the definite singular.
Sekken veide over tjue kilo da vi bar den opp bakken.
The bag weighed over twenty kilos when we carried it up the hill.
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a hat / a cap
Indefinite article + feminine noun 'lue' (hat/cap). Feminine nouns take the optional article 'ei' in the indefinite form.
Ei lue med pompong er populær blant barn i vinter.
A hat with a pom-pom is popular among children in winter.
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the hat / the cap
Definite form of 'lue' (hat/cap). Feminine nouns add the suffix '-a' to form the definite singular.
Lua hennes var blå med en svart stripe på midten.
Her hat was blue with a black stripe down the middle.
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a language course
Indefinite article + neuter compound noun 'språkkurs' (language course). The compound retains neuter gender from 'kurs' and takes 'et'.
Et språkkurs på nett passer for dem som reiser mye.
An online language course suits those who travel a lot.
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the language course
Definite form of 'språkkurs' (language course). Compound neuter nouns add '-et' to mark definiteness, following the pattern of the head noun.
Språkkurset startet i september og varte i ti uker.
The language course started in September and lasted ten weeks.
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a ring
Indefinite article + masculine noun 'ring' (ring). Masculine nouns take the article 'en' in the indefinite form.
En ring med liten diamant ble funnet i sanden på stranda.
A ring with a small diamond was found in the sand on the beach.
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the ring
Definite form of 'ring' (ring). Masculine nouns add the suffix '-en' to form the definite singular.
Ringen satt for løst på fingeren, så hun flyttet den over på den andre hånda.
The ring was too loose on her finger, so she moved it to the other hand.
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a Christmas celebration
Indefinite article + feminine compound noun 'julefeiring' (Christmas celebration). The compound retains feminine gender from 'feiring' and takes the optional article 'ei'.
Ei julefeiring med familien er høydepunktet i desember.
A Christmas celebration with the family is the highlight of December.
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the Christmas celebration
Definite form of 'julefeiring' (Christmas celebration). Feminine compound nouns add the suffix '-a' to form the definite singular.
Julefeiringa i år ble utsatt til nyttår på grunn av sykdom.
The Christmas celebration this year was postponed until New Year's due to illness.
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a passport
Indefinite article + neuter noun 'pass' (passport). Neuter nouns take the article 'et' and follow the standard neuter declension pattern.
Et pass må være gyldig i minst seks måneder etter reisen.
A passport must be valid for at least six months after the trip.
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the passport
Definite form of 'pass' (passport). Neuter nouns add the suffix '-et' to indicate definiteness in the singular.
Passet lå i innerlommen hele tiden, så det ble ikke borte.
The passport lay in the inner pocket the whole time, so it didn't get lost.