높임말과 존댓말
Essential honorific verb modifications, specialized vocabulary, and polite particle shifts used to show respect to seniors or strangers.
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Hello (polite, informal honorific)
The standard polite greeting used in everyday situations with people you are not close to or those who are slightly older or in a higher position. It is the most common and versatile greeting, suitable for most interactions from service encounters to casual workplace settings.
안녕하세요? 어디 가세요?
Hello! Where are you going?
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Hello/How do you do? (formal honorific)
The formal, highly respectful greeting used in official settings, business meetings, military contexts, or when addressing a large audience. It conveys a greater degree of respect and formality than 안녕하세요 and is often used in professional presentations or to elderly strangers.
안녕하십니까, 김 사장님. 오늘 회의 시간이요?
Hello, President Kim. About today's meeting time?
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Goodbye (to someone who is staying)
Used when you are leaving and the other person is staying. It literally means 'Please stay in peace' and uses the honorific verb 계시다 (to stay) instead of the plain 있다. This shows respect to the person you are leaving behind.
선생님, 저는 먼저 가보겠습니다. 안녕히 계세요.
Teacher, I'll go ahead. Goodbye (please stay well).
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Goodbye (to someone who is leaving)
Used when the other person is leaving and you are staying. It literally means 'Please go in peace' and is the respectful way to see someone off. This is the appropriate response when a guest or senior is departing from your location.
이제 가야 할 것 같아요. 안녕히 가세요!
I think I should go now. Goodbye (go in peace)!
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Nice to meet you (formal, first meeting)
A formal honorific expression used when meeting someone for the first time in a professional or respectful context. It uses the honorific verb 뵙다 (to see) instead of 보다, and the future tense ending -겠습니다 to convey politeness and formality. Often used in business introductions or formal gatherings.
안녕하세요, 저는 이지민입니다. 처음 뵙겠습니다.
Hello, I'm Lee Jimin. Nice to meet you.
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Thank you (formal honorific)
The standard formal honorific way to say 'thank you.' Derived from the noun 감사 (gratitude) with the polite ending -합니다. It is used in most formal situations and is considered more respectful than 고맙습니다 in official contexts, though both are acceptable.
도와주셔서 정말 감사합니다!
Thank you so much for your help!
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Thank you (formal honorific)
The formal honorific way to say 'thank you,' slightly more intimate than 감사합니다. While both are formal, 고맙습니다 is considered warmer and more personal, often used among friends in formal situations or when you want to express gratitude with a touch of familiarity.
선물 감사해요. 정말 고맙습니다.
Thank you for the gift. I really appreciate it.
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I'm sorry / Excuse me (formal honorific)
The formal honorific way to apologize or excuse yourself. Derived from the noun 죄송 (sin/offense) with the polite ending -합니다. It is used in formal situations, to strangers, or when expressing deep regret. It is more formal and respectful than 미안합니다.
죄송합니다만, 잠시만 기다려 주시겠어요?
I'm sorry, but could you wait just a moment?
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I'm sorry (formal honorific)
The formal honorific way to apologize, slightly less formal than 죄송합니다. While both are polite, 미안합니다 is considered warmer and more personal, often used when the apology is for a minor mistake or among people you know well but need to address formally.
늦어서 미안합니다. 길이 막혔어요.
I'm sorry for being late. There was traffic.
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Congratulations (formal honorific)
A formal honorific expression used to offer congratulations. It uses the honorific verb 드리다 (to give) as a humble form of 주다, showing respect to the recipient. This is used in formal announcements, ceremonies, or when congratulating someone of higher status.
결혼하신다면서요? 진심으로 축하드립니다!
I heard you're getting married? My sincerest congratulations!
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You've worked hard / Thank you for your efforts
A formal honorific expression used to acknowledge and appreciate someone's hard work or effort. It uses the honorific verb 수고하시다 (to work hard) with the polite past ending -셨습니다. Commonly used at the end of a workday, after a meeting, or when thanking someone for their service. This is said to the person who did the work, not the listener when you are the one who worked.
오늘도 고생 많으셨습니다. 수고하셨습니다!
You worked hard again today. Thank you for your efforts!
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Please have your meal (formal honorific)
A highly respectful expression used to tell an elder or senior to eat. It uses the honorific noun 진지 (meal, respectful for 밥) and the honorific verb 잡수시다 (to eat, respectful for 먹다). This is appropriate when addressing grandparents, elderly relatives, or senior colleagues during meal times.
할머니, 진지 잡수세요. 맛있게 드세요.
Grandmother, please have your meal. Enjoy it.
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How old are you? (formal honorific)
A formal, respectful way to ask someone's age. It uses the honorific noun 연세 (age, respectful for 나이) with the polite question form 어떻게 되세요? (how is it?). This is used when asking about the age of someone significantly older or in a formal context, as 나이가 어떻게 되세요? is less respectful.
실례지만 연세가 어떻게 되세요?
Excuse me, but may I ask how old you are?
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What is your name? (very formal honorific)
A highly formal and respectful way to ask someone's name. It uses the honorific noun 성함 (name, respectful for 이름) with the formal question ending -십니까. This is used in official forms, during business meetings, or when addressing senior executives or distinguished individuals.
처음 뵙겠습니다. 성함이 어떻게 되십니까?
Nice to meet you. What is your name?
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Please speak informally / Please lower your speech
A polite request used when asking someone older or superior to speak more informally or casually. It uses the honorific noun 말씀 (speech, respectful for 말) and the verb 낮추다 (to lower). Often used when a senior wants you to feel more comfortable or when they prefer a less formal relationship.
사장님, 편하게 말씀 낮추세요. 저는 괜찮아요.
Boss, please speak informally. I'm fine with it.
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Please speak / Please tell me (formal honorific)
A polite and respectful request for someone to speak or share information. It uses the honorific verb 말씀하다 (to speak, respectful for 말하다) with the polite request form -주세요. This is used when asking someone older, superior, or a stranger to provide information or their opinion.
잘 모르겠으면 선생님께 말씀해 주세요.
If you don't understand well, please tell the teacher.
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I have something to ask you (formal honorific)
A formal and humble way to inform someone you have a question. It uses the humble verb 여쭈다 (to ask, respectful form of 묻다) with the future modifier -ㄹ 게 있어요. This shows respect by lowering the speaker's action when addressing a senior or someone of higher status.
교수님, 여쭈어볼 게 있습니다. 시간 괜찮으세요?
Professor, I have something to ask you. Do you have time?
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I will do it (formal humble)
A formal and humble way to volunteer or accept a task. It uses the humble subject pronoun 제가 (I, humble for 내가) with the polite future intent form -겠습니다. This shows respect by humbling oneself while accepting responsibility, often used in professional or service contexts.
그 일은 제가 하겠습니다. 다른 일을 하세요.
I will take care of that task. Please do something else.
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She is my mother (humble formal)
A formal way to introduce one's mother to someone of higher status. It uses the humble possessive 저희 (our, humble for 우리) instead of 제 to show respect when referring to family members. This is used when introducing a parent in official or respectful contexts to avoid sounding boastful.
이분은 저희 어머니입니다. 안녕히 계세요.
This is my mother. Goodbye (please stay well).
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The teacher is coming (formal honorific)
A formal expression showing respect to the subject. It uses the honorific subject marker 께서 (respectful for 이/가) and the honorific verb 오시다 (to come, respectful for 오다). This marks the teacher as a respected figure and is used in formal announcements or when alerting others of a respected person's arrival.
선생님께서 오십니다. 모두 자리에 앉으세요.
The teacher is coming. Everyone, please take your seats.
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I gave it to my grandmother (formal honorific)
A formal expression showing respect when giving something to an elder. Uses the honorific particle 께 (to, respectful for 에게/한테) and the humble verb 드리다 (to give, respectful form of 주다). This construction humbles the speaker's action while honoring the grandmother, appropriate when reporting a gift or favor to a senior.
생신 선물을 할머니께 드렸습니다. 좋아하셨어요.
I gave the birthday gift to my grandmother. She liked it.
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My grandfather gave it (formal honorific)
A formal expression showing respect to the giver. Uses the honorific subject marker 께서 (respectful for 이/가) and the honorific verb 주시다 (to give, respectful for 주다). This construction elevates the grandfather as the respected subject of the giving action, appropriate in formal contexts.
이 용돈은 할아버지께서 주셨습니다. 잘 쓸게요.
This allowance was given by my grandfather. I'll use it well.
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Enjoy your meal / Please eat well (polite honorific)
A polite and respectful expression used to wish someone a good meal. Uses the honorific verb 드시다 (to eat, respectful for 먹다) with the adverbial form 맛있게 (deliciously). This is the standard polite phrase used when serving food to elders, guests, or anyone you wish to show respect.
음식이 준비되었어요. 맛있게 드세요!
The food is ready. Enjoy your meal!
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Please eat a lot (very formal honorific)
A highly formal and respectful expression urging someone to eat plenty. Uses the honorific verb 드시다 (to eat) with the formal imperative ending -십시오. This is appropriate in very formal settings, such as official banquets, when addressing distinguished guests, or in military contexts.
오늘 특별히 준비한 음식입니다. 많이 드십시오.
This food was specially prepared today. Please eat a lot.
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Good night / Sleep well (formal honorific)
A polite and respectful way to bid someone good night. Uses the honorific verb 주무시다 (to sleep, respectful for 자다) with the adverbial phrase 안녕히 (peacefully). This is used when saying goodnight to parents, grandparents, or older individuals to show respect for their rest.
밤이 깊었어요. 어머니, 안녕히 주무세요.
It's late at night. Mother, good night.
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Did you sleep well? (formal honorific)
A polite and respectful morning greeting asking about someone's sleep. Uses the honorific verb 주무시다 (to sleep) with the past honorific ending -셨습니까. This is used when greeting elders or superiors in the morning, showing concern for their well-being and rest.
할아버지, 안녕히 주무셨습니까? 아침을 준비했어요.
Grandfather, did you sleep well? I prepared breakfast.
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I'll be back / I'm going out (formal honorific)
A formal and polite expression used when leaving a place, indicating you will return. Uses the verb 다녀오다 (to go and return) with the polite future intent ending -겠습니다. This is used when stepping out of the office, leaving a gathering, or going somewhere temporarily while informing a senior.
잠시 화장실에 다녀오겠습니다.
I'll be back from the restroom in a moment.
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Are you back? / Have you returned? (formal honorific)
A polite and respectful greeting used when someone returns to a place. Uses the honorific verb 다녀오시다 (to go and return, respectful form) with the past honorific ending -셨습니까. This is used when welcoming back an elder, boss, or colleague who has been out.
사장님, 다녀오셨습니까? 회의 준비가 되어 있습니다.
Boss, are you back? The meeting is prepared.
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I will ask my parents (formal honorific)
A formal and humble expression for asking parents. Uses the honorific particle 께 (to, respectful), the humble verb 여쭈다 (to ask, respectful for 묻다), and the polite future intent ending -겠습니다. This shows respect to parents by using humble speech about one's own action toward them.
결혼 얘기는 부모님께 여쭤보겠습니다.
I will ask my parents about the marriage topic.
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I have heard your words / I understand (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful way to acknowledge someone's words. Uses the honorific noun 말씀 (words, respectful for 말) and the verb 듣다 (to hear), often with the polite ending. This conveys respect to the speaker and is commonly used in professional contexts or when responding to an elder's advice or instruction.
선생님의 말씀을 들었습니다. 꼭 실천하겠습니다.
I have heard your words, teacher. I will definitely put them into practice.
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It's nice to meet you (very formal honorific)
A highly formal and respectful expression used when meeting someone for the first time or after a long time. Uses the humble verb 뵙다/뵈다 (to see, respectful form of 보다) with the honorific context, combined with 반갑습니다 (nice to meet). This is the most respectful greeting, appropriate for meeting high-ranking officials or elders in formal settings.
이사님, 만나 뵈어서 반갑습니다. 잘 부탁드립니다.
Director, it's a pleasure to meet you. Please take care of me.
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Please stay healthy (very formal honorific)
A highly formal honorific expression used to wish someone good health. Uses the adjective 건강하다 (to be healthy) with the very formal imperative ending -십시오. This is appropriate for formal letters, official greetings, or when addressing respected elders in a very formal context. Often used as a closing remark.
새해에도 건강하십시오. 행복한 한 해 되세요.
Please stay healthy in the new year too. Have a happy year.
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Be happy / Wishing you happiness (polite honorific)
A polite and respectful expression used to wish someone happiness. Uses the adjective 행복하다 (to be happy) with the polite honorific ending -세요. This is commonly used in greetings, farewells, or as well-wishes on special occasions like birthdays, weddings, or holidays.
결혼 축하해요. 항상 행복하세요!
Congratulations on your marriage. Always be happy!
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I will help you (formal humble honorific)
A formal and humble expression offering help. Uses the humble verb 드리다 (to give/do for, respectful form) combined with 돕다 (to help). This construction humbles the speaker's action while showing respect to the recipient. Appropriate in professional contexts or when assisting elders.
어려운 일이 있으면 도와드리겠습니다.
If you have any difficulties, I will help you.
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I will show you (formal humble honorific)
A formal and humble expression used to offer to show something to a respected person. Uses the humble verb 드리다 with 보여주다 (to show). This is commonly used in business presentations, when showing documents to a boss, or when displaying items to elders. It humbles the speaker's action of showing.
새로운 디자인을 보여드리겠습니다. 참고해 주세요.
I will show you the new design. Please take a look.
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I will guide you (formal humble honorific)
A formal and humble expression offering to guide or escort someone. Uses the humble verb 드리다 with 안내하다 (to guide). This is appropriate in professional settings like hotels, airports, or corporate environments when assisting customers, guests, or seniors to their destination.
회의장까지 안내해 드리겠습니다. 이쪽으로 오세요.
I will guide you to the meeting room. Please come this way.
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I will introduce you (formal humble honorific)
A formal and humble expression used to offer an introduction. Uses the humble verb 드리다 with 소개하다 (to introduce). This is appropriate in formal introductions where you are introducing someone to a senior, a client, or in professional networking situations. Shows respect to the person being introduced.
신입 직원을 소개해 드리겠습니다. 김민수 씨입니다.
I will introduce the new employee. This is Mr. Kim Minsu.
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I offer my congratulations (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful way to offer congratulations in a speech or formal setting. Uses the honorific noun 말씀 (words) and the humble verb 드리다 (to give), showing deep respect. This is typically used in official speeches, formal letters, or ceremonies when congratulating someone of high status.
승진을 축하의 말씀을 드립니다. 정말 대단하세요.
I offer my congratulations on your promotion. You are truly amazing.
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Thank you for your concern (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful expression of gratitude for someone's care or worry. Uses the honorific verb 주시다 (to do for me, respectful form of 주다) with 염려하다 (to worry/concern), followed by 감사합니다. This is used when thanking an elder, boss, or superior for their thoughtful consideration.
염려해 주셔서 감사합니다. 하지만 괜찮아요.
Thank you for your concern. But I'm okay.
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It's thanks to you / Thanks to your help (formal honorific)
A humble and respectful expression acknowledging someone's contribution or help. Literally meaning 'thanks to your virtue,' this is a very polite way to give credit to someone else for your success or well-being. Commonly used in response to compliments, when accepting awards, or when expressing gratitude to a senior for their support.
제가 성공한 건 모두 선생님 덕분입니다.
My success is all thanks to you, teacher.
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I'm doing well thanks to you
A formal and respectful expression used to respond to someone asking how you are. Shows gratitude by attributing your well-being to the other person's support or kindness. Uses the humble form 잘 지내다 (to be doing well) with the polite ending. Appropriate for responding to elders, supervisors, or in formal correspondence.
선생님 덕분에 잘 지내고 있습니다. 항상 감사합니다.
I'm doing well thanks to you, teacher. I'm always grateful.
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Where are you going? (formal honorific)
A formal honorific question asking someone about their destination. Uses the honorific verb 가시다 (to go, respectful form of 가다) with the formal question ending -ㅂ니까. This is used when addressing elders, seniors, or someone you wish to show respect, often as a polite greeting or in professional contexts.
사장님, 어디 가십니까? 차량을 준비할까요?
Boss, where are you going? Shall I prepare the car?
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How can I help you? / What can I help you with? (polite honorific)
A polite and respectful offer of assistance. Uses the humble verb 드리다 (to do for) with 돕다 (to help) and the polite suggestion form -ㄹ까요. This is standard customer service language and also appropriate for offering help to elders or in formal settings. Shows respect while being proactive.
고객님, 무엇을 도와드릴까요?
Customer, how may I help you?
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Please wait a moment (very formal honorific)
A very formal and respectful request for someone to wait briefly. Uses the honorific verb 기다리시다 (to wait, respectful form of 기다리다) with the formal imperative ending -십시오. This is appropriate in formal business settings, government offices, or when speaking to very senior individuals, and is more respectful than 기다려 주세요.
잠시만 기다려 주십시오. 대표님이 곧 오십니다.
Please wait a moment. The representative will arrive soon.
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Please come this way (polite honorific)
A polite and respectful expression used to guide someone. Uses the honorific verb 오시다 (to come, respectful form of 오다) with the polite request ending -세요. This is standard in service settings, when escorting guests, or when directing elders to a location. It shows respect while providing direction.
이쪽으로 오세요. 제가 안내해 드리겠습니다.
Please come this way. I will guide you.
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Please sit down (very formal honorific)
A very formal and respectful way to offer someone a seat. Uses the honorific verb 앉으시다 (to sit, respectful form of 앉다) with the formal imperative ending -십시오. This is used in formal business meetings, official events, or when addressing very distinguished guests. More formal than 앉으세요.
의자에 앉으십시오. 곧 회의를 시작하겠습니다.
Please sit in the chair. We will begin the meeting soon.
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Have you eaten? (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful question asking if someone has eaten. Uses the honorific verb 식사하시다 (to have a meal, respectful form of 먹다) with the past honorific ending -셨습니까. This is a common polite greeting in Korean culture, especially used around meal times when asking elders, bosses, or colleagues about their meals.
점심 식사하셨습니까? 아니면 제가 준비할까요?
Have you had lunch? If not, shall I prepare something?
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Did you have a good weekend? (formal honorific)
A formal honorific question asking about someone's weekend. Uses the honorific verb 보내시다 (to spend time, respectful form of 보내다) with the past honorific ending -셨습니까. This is a common polite greeting in professional settings on Mondays, showing care for the well-being of colleagues, supervisors, or clients.
주말 잘 보내셨습니까? 저는 가족과 시간을 보냈어요.
Did you have a good weekend? I spent time with my family.
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Please go after looking around / Please take your time (very formal honorific)
A very formal expression used in retail or hospitality settings when telling a customer to look around. Uses the verb 살펴가다 (to look around/go) with the honorific verb 가시다 and formal imperative -십시오. This is appropriate in formal business contexts when allowing a customer, guest, or superior time to browse or examine products without pressure.
여러 상품이 준비되어 있습니다. 천천히 살펴 가십시오.
Various products are prepared. Please take your time looking around.
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Please go in carefully / Take care on your way in (polite honorific)
A polite and caring farewell expression used when someone is entering a place. Uses the honorific verb 들어가시다 (to go in, respectful form of 들어가다) with the polite request ending -세요, combined with 조심히 (carefully). This is used when seeing off an elder or guest who is returning home or entering a building, showing concern for their safety.
어머니, 조심히 들어가세요. 저는 이만 가보겠어요.
Mother, go in carefully. I'll be going now.
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Please receive many New Year's blessings (very formal honorific)
A very formal and respectful New Year's greeting. Uses the honorific verb 받으시다 (to receive, respectful form of 받다) with the formal imperative ending -십시오. This is the most formal way to wish someone a happy New Year, appropriate for formal letters, official greetings, or when addressing distinguished elders. Often shortened to 새해 복 많이 받으세요 in less formal contexts.
새해 복 많이 받으십시오. 올해도 건강하시길 바랍니다.
Please receive many New Year's blessings. I hope you stay healthy this year as well.
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Happy birthday (formal honorific, for elders)
A highly respectful birthday greeting used exclusively for elders. Uses the honorific noun 생신 (birthday, respectful for 생일) and the humble verb 드리다 (to give) with 축하하다 (to congratulate). This shows deep respect and should only be used when addressing grandparents, parents, or senior individuals on their birthday.
할머니, 생신을 축하드립니다. 오늘은 제가 밥을 살게요.
Grandmother, happy birthday. Today, I'll treat you to a meal.
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Do you like it? / Does it suit your taste? (formal honorific)
A formal honorific question asking about someone's preference or satisfaction. Uses the honorific verb 드시다 (to take/receive, respectful form of 들다 in this context) with the formal question ending -ㅂ니까. This is appropriate when checking with a senior, client, or guest about their opinion on a product, service, or arrangement.
저희가 준비한 선물이 마음에 드십니까?
Do you like the gift we prepared?
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How are you? / How do you feel? (formal honorific)
A very formal honorific question asking about someone's state or opinion. Uses the honorific form 어떠시다 (respectful form of 어떻다, to be how) with the formal question ending -ㅂ니까. This is used in formal business settings, when addressing senior officials, or in professional surveys to show deep respect to the respondent.
회의 진행 상황은 어떠십니까? 더 논의할 점이 있나요?
How is the meeting progress? Is there anything more to discuss?
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Are you okay? / Is everything alright? (formal honorific)
A very formal honorific question expressing concern. Uses the adjective 괜찮으시다 (respectful form of 괜찮다, to be okay) with the formal question ending -ㅂ니까. This is used when checking on the well-being of an elder, boss, or someone of high status in a formal context, showing genuine concern and respect.
몸이 불편하시면 괜찮으십니까? 쉬는 게 좋을 것 같아요.
If you're feeling unwell, are you okay? I think resting would be good.
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When did you come? (formal honorific)
A formal honorific question asking about someone's arrival time. Uses the honorific verb 오시다 (to come, respectful form of 오다) with the past honorific ending -셨습니까. This is used when greeting someone who has arrived, showing respect by using the honorific form of 'to come.' Appropriate for business or formal contexts.
대표님, 언제 오셨습니까? 커피를 준비해 드릴까요?
Representative, when did you arrive? Shall I prepare some coffee for you?
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What brings you here? / Do you have any business? (formal honorific)
A very formal honorific question asking about someone's purpose or reason for being there. Uses the existential verb 있으시다 (respectful form of 있다, to have/exist) with the formal question ending -ㅂ니까. This is appropriate in formal settings when a senior or official arrives unexpectedly, showing respect while inquiring about their purpose.
이사님, 무슨 일 있으십니까? 제가 도와드릴 수 있을까요?
Director, what brings you here? Can I be of help?
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Please take care of me / I look forward to working with you (polite honorific)
A very common polite and respectful expression used when requesting someone's favor, cooperation, or when meeting someone new. Uses the humble verb 드리다 with 부탁하다 (to request). This is essential in Korean professional and social interactions, showing humility and respect when asking for someone's help or when beginning a new relationship with a senior.
오늘부터 함께 일하게 되었습니다. 잘 부탁드립니다.
I will be working with you from today. Please take care of me.
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I may be lacking, but I ask for your kind cooperation (humble formal)
A humble formal expression used when acknowledging one's own shortcomings before making a request. Combines 부족하다 (to be insufficient) with the humble future expression 잘 부탁드리겠습니다. This shows deep humility and respect, often used in self-introductions, when taking on a new task, or when asking for guidance from a senior.
아직 경험이 부족하지만 잘 부탁드리겠습니다.
I may lack experience, but I ask for your kind cooperation.
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I will see you next time (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful expression used when saying goodbye with the intention of meeting again. Uses the humble verb 뵙다 (to see, respectful form of 보다) with the polite future intent ending -겠습니다. This is appropriate when parting ways with elders, bosses, or in formal settings, showing respect and expressing a desire to meet again.
오늘 정말 감사했습니다. 다음에 뵙겠습니다.
Thank you so much for today. I will see you next time.
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I will see you tomorrow (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful expression used when parting with the promise to meet again the next day. Uses the humble verb 뵙다 (to see, respectful form of 보다) with the polite future intent ending -겠습니다. This is appropriate when saying goodbye to elders, bosses, or in professional settings, showing respect and confirming the next meeting.
수고하셨습니다. 내일 뵙겠습니다.
Thank you for your hard work. I'll see you tomorrow.
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I will go in first (formal humble)
A polite and formal expression used when taking leave before others to enter somewhere. Uses the humble verb 들어가다 (to go in) with the polite future intent ending -겠습니다. This is often used at the end of a workday when leaving before a senior or colleague, showing respect by acknowledging that you are departing first.
저는 먼저 들어가겠습니다. 내일 뵙겠습니다.
I'll go in first. I'll see you tomorrow.
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Excuse me (formal honorific)
A formal expression used to get someone's attention, apologize for interrupting, or for an impropriety. Literally means 'I am being rude.' It's used to excuse oneself before asking a question, passing through a crowd, or interrupting someone. More formal than 실례지만 and appropriate in all polite contexts.
실례합니다. 혹시 길을 좀 물어봐도 될까요?
Excuse me. May I ask for directions?
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Excuse me, but who are you? (formal honorific)
A very formal and respectful way to ask someone's identity. Combines the excuse expression 실례지만 with the honorific question 누구십니까? (who are you, respectful form of 누구야?). Used in formal settings when you need to identify someone you don't recognize, showing respect while acknowledging the impropriety of asking.
실례지만 누구십니까? 제가 기억을 못 하겠네요.
Excuse me, but who are you? I can't seem to remember.
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What is your name? (polite honorific)
A polite and respectful way to ask someone's name. Uses the honorific noun 성함 (name, respectful for 이름) and the honorific form 되시다 (respectful form of 되다) with the polite question ending -나요. Slightly less formal than 되십니까, this is appropriate for most professional and social situations where respect is needed.
성함이 어떻게 되시나요? 제가 명함을 드릴게요.
What is your name? I'll give you my business card.
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May I ask you something? (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful expression used before asking a question. Uses the honorific noun 말씀 (speech/words) and the polite future intent form of 묻다 (to ask) with -겠습니다. This shows respect by acknowledging the value of the listener's words and is appropriate when questioning elders or superiors.
말씀 좀 묻겠습니다. 이 서류는 어떻게 처리해야 하나요?
May I ask you something? How should I process this document?
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May I ask what your name is? (very polite/humble honorific)
An extremely polite and humble way to ask someone's name. Uses the humble verb 여쭤보다 (to ask respectfully) with the polite permission form -아도 될까요. This shows maximum politeness and humility, appropriate when asking respected individuals, in formal interviews, or in very polite customer service contexts.
죄송하지만, 이름이 무엇인지 여쭤봐도 될까요?
I'm sorry, but may I ask what your name is?
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May I ask how old you are? (very polite/humble honorific)
An extremely polite and humble way to ask someone's age. Uses the humble verb 여쭤보다 (to ask respectfully) with the honorific form 되시다 and the polite permission form. This shows maximum respect when asking about age, which can be a sensitive question in Korean culture. Appropriate in formal contexts when age-based honorifics are needed.
실례지만, 나이가 어떻게 되시는지 여쭤봐도 될까요?
Excuse me, but may I ask how old you are?
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Are your family members doing well? (formal honorific)
A very polite and respectful expression asking about someone's family members. Uses the honorific noun 가족분 (family members, respectful), the honorific verb 계시다 (to stay, respectful for 있다), and the formal question ending -ㅂ니까. This shows deep respect by using honorific forms for both the family members and their state of being.
가족분들은 잘 계십니까? 항상 건강하시길 바랍니다.
Are your family members doing well? I always hope for their good health.
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Are you at home? (formal honorific)
A formal honorific question asking about someone's location. Uses the honorific verb 계시다 (to stay/be, respectful for 있다) with the formal question ending -ㅂ니까. This is used when calling or visiting an elder, boss, or someone of higher status to ask if they are at home, showing respect for their person and location.
지금 집에 계십니까? 중요한 서류를 전해 드려야 해요.
Are you at home now? I need to deliver some important documents.
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Are you at your home? (formal honorific)
A very formal and respectful way to ask if someone is at their residence. Uses the honorific noun 댁 (home/residence, respectful for 집) and the honorific verb 계시다 (to be/stay, respectful for 있다) with the formal question ending -ㅂ니까. This is used when addressing elders or superiors, showing respect for their home and personal space.
지금 댁에 계십니까? 제가 방문해도 될까요?
Are you at your home now? May I visit you?
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Are you feeling unwell somewhere? / What seems to be the matter? (formal honorific)
A respectful and caring question asking about someone's health condition. Uses the adjective 편찮으시다 (to be unwell, respectful form of 편찮다) with the formal question ending -ㅂ니까. This is used when expressing concern for an elder or superior who appears unwell, showing deep respect and care for their health.
어디 편찮으십니까? 병원에 가 보셔야겠어요.
Are you feeling unwell? You should go see a doctor.
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I hope you recover quickly (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful expression wishing someone a speedy recovery. Uses the verb 쾌차하시다 (to recover quickly, respectful form) with the humble desire expression -기를 바랍니다 (I hope that). This is appropriate when writing get-well messages to elders, in formal correspondence, or when expressing concern for a superior's health.
빨리 쾌차하시기를 바랍니다. 몸조리 잘하세요.
I hope you recover quickly. Take good care of yourself.
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Please take good care of your health (very formal honorific)
A very formal and respectful expression urging someone to take care of themselves. Uses the noun 몸조리 (health care/recovery care) with the honorific verb 하시다 and formal imperative ending -십시오. This is used when advising elders, patients, or superiors to rest and recover, showing deep concern for their well-being.
감기 걸리셨다면 몸조리 잘하십시오.
If you caught a cold, please take good care of yourself.
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Thank you for your concern (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful expression of gratitude for someone's worry or care. Uses the honorific verb 주시다 (to do for me, respectful form) with 걱정하다 (to worry), followed by 감사합니다. This shows appreciation to elders or superiors who have shown concern, acknowledging their kindness while remaining humble.
걱정해 주셔서 감사합니다. 이제는 괜찮아요.
Thank you for your concern. I'm okay now.
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I'm embarrassed by your compliment (formal humble honorific)
A formal and humble expression used when receiving a compliment from a senior or elder. Uses the honorific verb 주시다 (respectful form) with 칭찬하다 (to compliment) and the adjective 부끄럽다 (to be embarrassed/ashamed). This shows humility and modesty, essential in Korean culture when praised by someone of higher status.
칭찬해 주셔서 부끄럽습니다. 더 노력하겠습니다.
I'm embarrassed by your compliment. I'll work harder.
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You are too kind / That's too generous (formal humble honorific)
A humble formal expression used to deflect a compliment. Literally meaning 'it is an excessive praise,' this is a modest response to undeserved or overly generous praise. Uses the honorific ending -이십니다, showing respect to the speaker. Essential for maintaining humility when praised by someone senior.
과찬이십니다. 아직 배울 게 많아요.
You are too kind. I still have a lot to learn.
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It's an honor (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful expression used to convey that something is a privilege or honor. This is often used when meeting someone distinguished, being invited somewhere, or receiving an opportunity. Shows deep respect by humbling oneself and elevating the other person or event. Common in formal speeches and introductions.
이 자리에 초대해 주셔서 영광입니다.
It is an honor to be invited to this occasion.
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It is an honor to meet you (formal humble honorific)
A very formal and respectful expression used when first meeting someone of high status. Combines the humble verb 뵙다 (to see respectfully) with the honorific expression 영광입니다. This is the most respectful way to express pleasure at meeting someone, appropriate for meeting celebrities, executives, diplomats, or highly respected elders.
교수님, 만나 뵙게 되어 영광입니다. 잘 부탁드립니다.
Professor, it is an honor to meet you. Please take care of me.
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Thank you for inviting me (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful expression of gratitude for an invitation. Uses the honorific verb 주시다 (respectful form of 주다) with 초대하다 (to invite), followed by 감사합니다. This is used when acknowledging an invitation from an elder, boss, or host, showing appreciation for their consideration and the opportunity to attend.
결혼식에 초대해 주셔서 감사합니다. 꼭 참석하겠습니다.
Thank you for inviting me to the wedding. I will definitely attend.
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Thank you for taking precious time (formal honorific)
A formal and deeply respectful expression of gratitude for someone's time. Uses the honorific verb 내주시다 (to give/make time for, respectful form) with 귀한 시간 (precious time) and 감사합니다. This expresses profound appreciation when someone important takes time out of their busy schedule for you, appropriate in formal meetings, consultations, or professional contexts.
귀한 시간 내주셔서 감사합니다. 조심히 들어가세요.
Thank you for taking precious time. Please go in carefully.
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I've heard a lot about you (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful expression used when meeting someone you've heard about from others. Uses the honorific noun 말씀 (words, respectful) with the polite past form of 듣다 (to hear). This shows respect to the person being referred to, often used in introductions to indicate that the speaker is already familiar with the person's reputation or achievements.
선생님에 대해 말씀 많이 들었습니다. 만나 뵙게 되어 반갑습니다.
I've heard a lot about you, teacher. It's nice to meet you.
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I respect you (formal honorific)
A formal and respectful declaration of respect. Uses the verb 존경하다 (to respect) with the polite ending -ㅂ니다. This is used to express deep respect and admiration for someone's character, achievements, or position. Appropriate in formal introductions, speeches, or when expressing admiration to elders, mentors, or notable figures.
선생님을 항상 존경합니다. 좋은 가르침 감사드려요.
I always respect you, teacher. Thank you for your good teachings.
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I love you (formal honorific)
A formal and sincere expression of love. Uses the verb 사랑하다 (to love) with the polite ending -ㅂ니다. While often used in romantic contexts, it's also appropriate for expressing deep affection to family members, especially elders, in formal or sincere moments. More respectful than the casual 사랑해.
할머니, 항상 사랑합니다. 건강하세요.
Grandmother, I always love you. Please stay healthy.
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Please live long and healthily (very formal honorific)
A very formal and respectful well-wishing expression for longevity and health. Uses the honorific verb 사시다 (to live, respectful form of 살다) with the formal imperative ending -십시오. This is a heartfelt wish typically offered to elders on special occasions like birthdays (especially 60th/70th) or holidays, showing deep respect and care for their well-being.
건강하게 오래 사십시오. 항상 행복하세요.
Please live long and healthily. Always be happy.
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May you live long and in good health (very formal honorific - traditional)
A traditional and highly formal expression wishing someone a long life with robust health. Combines 만수 (long life) and 무강 (strong health) with the honorific verb 하시다 and formal imperative -십시오. This is a very respectful, somewhat old-fashioned expression used in formal ceremonies, official greetings, or when addressing highly respected elders on milestone occasions.
할아버지, 만수무강하십시오. 새해 복 많이 받으세요.
Grandfather, may you live long and in good health. Happy New Year.
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I am always grateful to you (formal humble honorific)
A formal and humble expression of ongoing gratitude. Uses the humble verb 드리다 (to give/offer) with 감사하다 (to be thankful) in the progressive form. This conveys continuous and deep appreciation, showing respect while humbling the speaker's expression. Appropriate for maintaining respectful relationships with elders or in professional correspondence.
선생님의 가르침에 늘 감사드리고 있습니다.
I am always grateful for your teachings, teacher.
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I have received a great favor (formal humble honorific)
A humble and deeply respectful expression acknowledging a significant debt of gratitude. Uses 은혜 (grace/favor) with the verb 입다 (to receive/be under) in the polite past form. This conveys that the speaker recognizes they have been greatly helped or blessed by someone, showing profound humility and respect. Often used in formal thank-you speeches or letters.
선배님께 큰 은혜를 입었습니다. 평생 잊지 않겠습니다.
I have received a great favor from you, senior. I will never forget it.
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I'm sorry I couldn't help you (formal humble honorific)
A formal and humble apology for being unable to assist someone. Uses the humble verb 드리다 (to give/do for) in the negative form 못하다 (cannot) with 죄송합니다 (I'm sorry). This expresses sincere regret to a senior or someone of importance, showing humility and acknowledging one's limitations while maintaining respect.
도움을 드리지 못해 죄송합니다. 다른 방법을 찾아볼게요.
I'm sorry I couldn't help you. I'll look for another way.
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I ask for your generous understanding (formal humble honorific)
A formal and humble expression used when asking for someone's understanding or forgiveness. Uses the humble verb 드리다 with 부탁하다 (to request) and the adjective 너그럽다 (generous/magnanimous) with 양해 (understanding). This is commonly used in formal apologies, explaining mistakes, or when requesting an exception from a senior, showing deep humility and respect.
실수에 대해 너그러운 양해 부탁드립니다.
I ask for your generous understanding regarding my mistake.
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I'm sorry for causing you inconvenience (formal humble honorific)
A formal and humble apology for causing inconvenience or trouble to someone. Uses the humble verb 드리다 (to give/do for) with 불편 (inconvenience) and 죄송합니다 (I'm sorry). This expresses sincere regret to a senior, customer, or someone of importance, showing deep humility by acknowledging that your actions have caused them difficulty.
불편을 드려 죄송합니다. 바로 수정하겠습니다.
I'm sorry for causing you inconvenience. I'll correct it right away.
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Thank you for coming despite your busy schedule (formal honorific)
A formal and deeply respectful expression of gratitude for someone taking time from their busy schedule. Uses the honorific form 바쁘시다 (to be busy), 와주시다 (to come for me, respectful form), and 감사합니다. This shows profound appreciation to elders or superiors who made an effort to attend, appropriate for meetings, events, or any occasion where someone important shows up.
바쁘신 와중에 와주셔서 감사합니다. 자리에 앉으세요.
Thank you for coming despite your busy schedule. Please take your seat.
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Thank you for gracing this occasion with your presence (formal honorific)
A very formal and respectful expression of gratitude for someone's presence at an event. Uses the honorific verb 빛내주시다 (to grace/brighten, respectful form) with 자리 (place/occasion) and 감사합니다. This is a highly complimentary way to thank distinguished guests, VIPs, or honored elders for attending an event, elevating their importance.
오늘 자리를 빛내주셔서 감사합니다. 정말 영광입니다.
Thank you for gracing this occasion with your presence today. It's truly an honor.
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Have a nice day (very formal honorific)
A very formal and respectful farewell expression wishing someone a good day. Uses the honorific verb 보내시다 (to spend time, respectful form) with the formal imperative ending -십시오. This is appropriate in formal business settings, when saying goodbye to clients, elders, or in official correspondence, showing more respect than the casual 좋은 하루 보내세요.
오늘 뵙게 되어 반가웠습니다. 좋은 하루 보내십시오.
It was nice to see you today. Have a nice day.
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Have a peaceful night (very formal honorific)
A very formal and respectful evening farewell wishing someone a peaceful night. Uses the honorific form 되시다 (to become, respectful) with the formal imperative ending -십시오. This is appropriate in formal settings when parting ways in the evening with elders, clients, or superiors, conveying a wish for their restful and safe night.
오늘 정말 수고 많으셨습니다. 평안한 밤 되십시오.
You worked really hard today. Have a peaceful night.
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Have a good weekend (polite honorific)
A polite and respectful farewell expression wishing someone an enjoyable weekend. Uses the honorific verb 보내시다 (to spend time, respectful form) with the polite ending -세요. This is the standard way to wish a good weekend to colleagues, friends, or anyone you're parting with on a Friday, showing care for their well-being.
고생 많으셨어요. 주말 잘 보내세요!
You've worked hard. Have a good weekend!
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Have a good vacation / Enjoy your time off (very formal honorific)
A very formal and respectful farewell expression for someone going on vacation. Uses the honorific verb 다녀오시다 (to go and return, respectful form) with the formal imperative ending -십시오. This is used when saying goodbye to elders, bosses, or colleagues before their vacation, showing consideration for their time off and wishing them a pleasant trip.
휴가 잘 다녀오십시오. 편하게 쉬다 오세요.
Have a good vacation. Come back rested.
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I'll go ahead / I'll take my leave now (formal honorific)
A polite and formal expression used when taking leave before others, especially before someone senior. Uses the humble form 가보다 (to go/try going) with the polite future intent ending -겠습니다. This shows respect by acknowledging you are departing first and is appropriate when leaving a gathering before elders, colleagues, or in professional settings.
저는 먼저 가보겠습니다. 내일 뵙겠습니다.
I'll go ahead. I'll see you tomorrow.
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I'm sorry for being late (formal honorific)
A formal and sincere apology for tardiness. Uses the verb 늦다 (to be late) with the polite connective -어서 and 죄송합니다. This is used when arriving late to meetings, appointments, or gatherings with elders, superiors, or clients. It's more respectful than the casual 늦어서 미안해 and acknowledges the inconvenience caused.
늦어서 죄송합니다. 길이 많이 막혔어요.
I'm sorry for being late. There was heavy traffic.
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I'm sorry for making you wait (formal honorific)
A formal and humble apology for making someone wait. Uses the causative form 기다리게 하다 (to make wait) with 죄송합니다. This expresses sincere regret to elders, customers, or superiors who had to wait for you, showing humility and acknowledging that your lateness caused inconvenience. More direct than 늦어서 죄송합니다.
오래 기다리게 해서 죄송합니다. 이제 시작하겠습니다.
I'm sorry for making you wait so long. I'll begin now.