संज्ञा के लिंग और वचन
Master the classification of masculine and feminine nouns alongside their standard plural transformations.
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boy
A masculine noun referring to a male child or young male person. It is used in everyday contexts for sons, students, or young men.
वह लड़का मेरा भाई है।
That boy is my brother.
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boys
The direct plural form of the masculine noun लड़का (boy), used when referring to two or more male children or young men.
सारे लड़के मैदान में खेल रहे हैं।
All the boys are playing in the field.
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girl
A feminine noun denoting a female child or young woman. It is commonly used for daughters, students, or young females in daily conversation.
वह लड़की बहुत होशियार है।
That girl is very intelligent.
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girls
The feminine plural form of लड़की (girl), used for two or more female children or young women. Note the nasalized ending mark (ँ).
लड़कियाँ क्लास में नोट्स लिख रही हैं।
The girls are writing notes in class.
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child (masculine)
A masculine noun meaning a young child of unspecified or male gender. Often used generically for children but grammatically masculine.
बच्चा रो रहा है क्योंकि उसे भूख लगी है।
The child is crying because he is hungry.
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children
The plural form of बच्चा (child), used for multiple children. It also serves as the oblique singular form in many grammatical constructions.
बच्चे पार्क में झूला झूल रहे हैं।
The children are swinging in the park.
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son
A masculine noun meaning one's male offspring. Also used informally by elders to address any young man affectionately.
मेरा बेटा इंजीनियर बनना चाहता है।
My son wants to become an engineer.
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sons
The plural form of बेटा (son), used when referring to multiple male offspring or male children of a family.
उसके दो बेटे हैं जो दिल्ली में पढ़ते हैं।
He has two sons who study in Delhi.
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daughter
A feminine noun meaning one's female offspring. In Indian culture, it is also used respectfully for any young girl.
हमारी बेटी को संगीत सुनना बहुत पसंद है।
Our daughter loves listening to music.
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daughters
The feminine plural form of बेटी (daughter), used for multiple female offspring. The nasalized ending marks the plural.
उनकी दोनों बेटियाँ डॉक्टर हैं।
Both of his daughters are doctors.
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room
A masculine noun referring to an enclosed space within a building, such as a bedroom, living room, or office room. It is one of the most common masculine nouns ending in -a.
कमरा बहुत गंदा है, साफ करो।
The room is very dirty, clean it.
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rooms
The plural form of the masculine noun कमरा (room). Used when referring to two or more rooms, or in the oblique case for singular constructions with postpositions.
इस घर में चार कमरे हैं।
There are four rooms in this house.
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book
A feminine noun meaning a book, whether for reading, study, or reference. It is a widely used feminine noun ending in a consonant.
यह किताब बहुत रोचक है।
This book is very interesting.
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books
The feminine plural form of किताब (book), used for multiple books. The plural is formed by adding -ें to the base, with a nasalized ending.
किताबें अलमारी पर रखी हैं।
The books are kept on the shelf.
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table
A feminine noun referring to a piece of furniture with a flat top and one or more legs, used for eating, writing, or working. It is a common feminine noun ending in a consonant.
मेज़ पर एक गिलास पानी है।
There is a glass of water on the table.
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tables
The feminine plural form of मेज़ (table), used for multiple tables. The plural is formed by adding -ें to the base, resulting in a nasalized ending.
कमरे में नई मेज़ें आई हैं।
New tables have arrived in the room.
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chair
A feminine noun denoting a seat with a back and often arms, used for sitting. It is a widely used feminine noun ending in -ी.
कुर्सी टूटी हुई है, बैठो मत।
The chair is broken, don't sit.
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chairs
The feminine plural form of कुर्सी (chair), used for two or more chairs. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
सभा के लिए बीस कुर्सियाँ चाहिए।
Twenty chairs are needed for the meeting.
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door
A masculine noun meaning a movable barrier at the entrance to a room, building, or vehicle. It is a common masculine noun ending in -a.
दरवाज़ा बंद है, कुंडी खोलो।
The door is closed, open the latch.
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doors
The plural form of the masculine noun दरवाज़ा (door). Used when referring to multiple doors, or in the oblique case for singular constructions with postpositions.
घर के सारे दरवाज़े हरे हैं।
All the doors of the house are green.
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window
A feminine noun referring to an opening in a wall or door that lets in light and air, typically fitted with glass. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ी.
खिड़की खोलो, थोड़ी हवा आने दो।
Open the window, let some air in.
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windows
The feminine plural form of खिड़की (window), used for two or more windows. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
घर की सभी खिड़कियाँ बंद कर दो।
Close all the windows of the house.
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cloth / garment
A masculine noun meaning either a piece of fabric used for clothing, or clothing itself. In everyday usage, it often refers to a single item of clothing or a piece of cloth.
यह कपड़ा बहुत मुलायम है।
This cloth is very soft.
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clothes / garments
The plural form of कपड़ा (cloth/garment), used for multiple items of clothing or fabrics. In Hindi, this plural form is commonly used to mean 'clothes' in general.
कपड़े धोने के लिए दे दो।
Give the clothes for washing.
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shoe
A masculine noun referring to a single footwear item covering the foot, typically with a sole. It is a commonly used masculine noun ending in -ा.
जूता पॉलिश करो, कल ऑफिस जाना है।
Polish the shoe, we have to go to office tomorrow.
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shoes
The plural form of जूता (shoe), used for two or more shoes or for a pair of shoes. Often used in the plural to mean 'footwear' in general.
नए जूते बहुत आरामदायक हैं।
The new shoes are very comfortable.
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garland / rosary
A feminine noun meaning a string of flowers, beads, or pearls used for decoration, worship, or meditation. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ा, but grammatically feminine.
उसने माला पहनी और मंदिर गई।
She wore the garland and went to the temple.
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garlands / rosaries
The feminine plural form of माला (garland), used for multiple garlands or strings. The plural is formed with the ending -एँ.
दुकान पर कई तरह की मालाएँ हैं।
There are many kinds of garlands at the shop.
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mother
A feminine noun meaning mother, often used in formal, respectful, or religious contexts. It is the more formal equivalent of 'माँ' and is commonly used in addresses or prayers.
माता का आशीर्वाद हमेशा हम पर है।
Mother's blessings are always upon us.
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mothers
The feminine plural form of माता (mother), used for multiple mothers, often in formal or collective contexts. The plural is formed with the ending -एँ.
सभी माताओं को नमस्कार।
Greetings to all mothers.
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father
A masculine noun meaning father, used in formal, respectful contexts. While grammatically masculine, it does not end in -ा like typical masculine nouns, making it an exception.
पिता ने कहा कि हमें सच बोलना चाहिए।
Father said that we should speak the truth.
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brother
A masculine noun meaning brother, used for a male sibling. It is widely used in everyday conversation and also as a respectful term for any male of similar age.
भाई ने मुझे बाजार से फल लाकर दिए।
Brother brought me fruits from the market.
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sister
A feminine noun meaning sister, used for a female sibling. It is commonly used in everyday speech and as a respectful term for any female of similar age.
बहन स्कूल से आई और खाना खाया।
Sister came from school and ate food.
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sisters
The feminine plural form of बहन (sister), used for two or more sisters. The plural is formed by changing the ending to -ें.
उसकी दोनों बहनें डॉक्टर हैं।
Both of his sisters are doctors.
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horse (male)
A masculine noun referring to a male horse. It is a common masculine noun ending in -ा, and is used in both rural and urban contexts.
घोड़ा बहुत तेज़ दौड़ रहा है।
The horse is running very fast.
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horses (male)
The plural form of घोड़ा (male horse), used for two or more male horses. Also used in the oblique case for singular constructions with postpositions.
खेत में तीन घोड़े चर रहे हैं।
Three horses are grazing in the field.
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mare (female horse)
A feminine noun referring to a female horse. It is the feminine counterpart of घोड़ा, ending in -ी, and follows the pattern of feminine nouns.
घोड़ी अपने बच्चे के साथ खड़ी है।
The mare is standing with her foal.
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mares
The feminine plural form of घोड़ी (mare), used for two or more female horses. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
अस्तबल में पाँच घोड़ियाँ हैं।
There are five mares in the stable.
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cat (female)
A feminine noun meaning a female cat, though often used generically for any cat. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ी and is widely used in household contexts.
बिल्ली छत पर बैठी धूप सेंक रही है।
The cat is sitting on the roof basking in the sun.
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cats
The feminine plural form of बिल्ली (cat), used for two or more cats. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
गली में कई बिल्लियाँ घूम रही हैं।
Many cats are roaming in the street.
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dog (male)
A masculine noun referring to a male dog. It is a common masculine noun ending in -ा, and is used extensively in everyday conversation about pets or stray animals.
कुत्ता बाहर जोर-जोर से भौंक रहा है।
The dog is barking loudly outside.
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dogs (male)
The plural form of कुत्ता (male dog), used for two or more male dogs. Also used in the oblique case for singular constructions with postpositions.
कुत्ते पार्क में एक-दूसरे के पीछे दौड़ रहे हैं।
The dogs are chasing each other in the park.
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female rat/mouse
A feminine noun referring to a female rat or mouse. It is the feminine counterpart of चूहा, ending in -िया, and is used in rural and household contexts.
चुहिया रसोई में घुस गई है।
The female rat has entered the kitchen.
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female rats/mice
The feminine plural form of चुहिया (female rat/mouse), used for two or more female rats or mice. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
अनाज के गोदाम में बहुत सारी चुहियाँ हैं।
There are many female rats in the grain warehouse.
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rat/mouse (male)
A masculine noun meaning a male rat or mouse, though often used generically for any rat. It is a common masculine noun ending in -ा, frequently used in stories and everyday complaints.
चूहा दीवार में छेद करके भाग गया।
The rat made a hole in the wall and ran away.
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rats/mice (male)
The plural form of चूहा (male rat), used for two or more rats. Also used in the oblique case for singular constructions with postpositions.
चूहे बिजली के तार कुतर रहे हैं।
The rats are chewing the electrical wires.
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sparrow / small bird
A feminine noun meaning a small bird, especially a sparrow, but often used generically for any small songbird. It is a common feminine noun ending in -िया.
चिड़िया पेड़ पर बैठी चहचहा रही है।
The bird is sitting on the tree chirping.
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sparrows / small birds
The feminine plural form of चिड़िया (small bird), used for two or more birds. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
सुबह होते ही चिड़ियाँ गाना शुरू कर देती हैं।
As soon as morning comes, the birds start singing.
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parrot (male)
A masculine noun referring to a male parrot. It is a common masculine noun ending in -ा, recognized for its bright green color and ability to mimic speech.
तोता 'राम-राम' बोलना सीख गया है।
The parrot has learned to say 'Ram-Ram'.
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parrots (male)
The plural form of तोता (parrot), used for two or more parrots. Also used in the oblique case for singular constructions with postpositions.
बाज़ार में कितने तोते बिक रहे हैं?
How many parrots are being sold in the market?
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cow
A feminine noun referring to a cow, considered sacred in Hindu culture. It is an irregular feminine noun ending in -ाय, and is one of the most common animal nouns in Hindi.
गाय सड़क पर खड़ी है, ध्यान से गाड़ी चलाओ।
The cow is standing on the road, drive carefully.
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cows
The feminine plural form of गाय (cow), used for two or more cows. The plural changes the ending to -एं with a nasalized marker.
गायें चरागाह में घास खा रही हैं।
The cows are eating grass in the pasture.
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buffalo (female)
A feminine noun referring to a female buffalo, commonly found in rural India for milk production. It is a common feminine noun ending in a consonant.
भैंस नहाने के लिए तालाब की ओर जा रही है।
The buffalo is going toward the pond to bathe.
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buffaloes
The feminine plural form of भैंस (buffalo), used for two or more buffaloes. The plural is formed by adding -ें to the base with a nasalized ending.
भैंसें शाम को अपने-अपने बाड़े में आ जाती हैं।
The buffaloes return to their sheds in the evening.
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goat (female)
A feminine noun meaning a female goat. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ी, widely used in rural and meat/dairy contexts.
बकरी बगीचे की सब्ज़ियाँ खा रही है।
The goat is eating the garden vegetables.
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goats
The feminine plural form of बकरी (goat), used for two or more goats. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
पहाड़ी पर कई बकरियाँ चर रही हैं।
Many goats are grazing on the hillside.
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wolf (male)
A masculine noun referring to a male wolf. It is a common masculine noun ending in -िया, used in stories, folklore, and wildlife contexts.
जंगल में भेड़िया घूम रहा था और शिकार ढूँढ रहा था।
The wolf was roaming in the jungle looking for prey.
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wolves
The plural form of भेड़िया (wolf), used for two or more wolves. Also used in the oblique case for singular constructions with postpositions.
भेड़िए रात को झुंड में निकलते हैं।
Wolves come out in packs at night.
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river
A feminine noun meaning a river. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ी, and is culturally significant in India as a sacred entity.
नदी का पानी बहुत तेज़ बह रहा है।
The river water is flowing very fast.
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rivers
The feminine plural form of नदी (river), used for two or more rivers. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
उत्तराखंड में कई नदियाँ बहती हैं।
Many rivers flow in Uttarakhand.
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canal
A feminine noun referring to an artificial waterway used for irrigation or transportation. It is a common feminine noun ending in a consonant.
नहर के किनारे किसान खेतों की सिंचाई कर रहे हैं।
Farmers are irrigating their fields along the canal bank.
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canals
The feminine plural form of नहर (canal), used for two or more canals. The plural is formed by adding -ें to the base with a nasalized ending.
इस इलाके में कई नहरें बनी हुई हैं।
Many canals have been built in this area.
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lake
A feminine noun meaning a natural body of standing water. It is a common feminine noun ending in a consonant, often used in travel and geography contexts.
झील का पानी आज बहुत साफ़ दिख रहा है।
The lake water looks very clear today.
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lakes
The feminine plural form of झील (lake), used for two or more lakes. The plural is formed by adding -ें to the base with a nasalized ending.
कश्मीर की झीलें बहुत खूबसूरत हैं।
The lakes of Kashmir are very beautiful.
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sari
A feminine noun referring to the traditional Indian garment worn by women. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ी, deeply embedded in Indian culture and fashion.
माँ ने आज नई साड़ी पहनी है।
Mother has worn a new sari today.
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saris
The feminine plural form of साड़ी (sari), used for two or more saris. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
दुकान में रेशमी साड़ियाँ आई हैं।
Silk saris have arrived in the shop.
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cap / hat
A feminine noun meaning a cap or hat worn on the head. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ी, used for various types of headwear in everyday life.
टोपी को रैक पर रख दो, बिखरी पड़ी है।
Put the cap on the rack, it's lying scattered.
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caps / hats
The feminine plural form of टोपी (cap/hat), used for two or more caps or hats. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
बच्चों की टोपियाँ स्कूल में रखी हैं।
The children's caps are kept in the school.
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night
A feminine noun meaning the night time, from sunset to sunrise. It is a common feminine noun ending in a consonant, used extensively in time expressions.
रात को बारिश होने की संभावना है।
There is a possibility of rain at night.
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nights
The feminine plural form of रात (night), used for two or more nights. The plural is formed by adding -ें to the base with a nasalized ending.
इन दिनों रातें बहुत ठंडी होती हैं।
These days, the nights are very cold.
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talk / matter
A feminine noun meaning a talk, matter, or topic of conversation. It is a common feminine noun ending in a consonant, used extensively in daily conversations.
बात को टालो मत, सीधा जवाब दो।
Don't avoid the matter, give a straight answer.
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talks / matters
The feminine plural form of बात (talk/matter), used for multiple topics or conversations. The plural is formed by adding -ें to the base with a nasalized ending.
उसकी बातें हमेशा सही नहीं होतीं।
His talks are not always right.
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wall
A feminine noun meaning a wall of a building or room. It is a common feminine noun ending in a consonant, used in construction and household contexts.
दीवार पर एक बड़ी सी तस्वीर लगी है।
There is a large picture hanging on the wall.
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walls
The feminine plural form of दीवार (wall), used for two or more walls. The plural is formed by adding -ें to the base with a nasalized ending.
नए घर की दीवारें बहुत मोटी हैं।
The walls of the new house are very thick.
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eye
A feminine noun referring to the eye, the organ of sight. It is a common feminine noun ending in a consonant, and is frequently used in both literal and metaphorical expressions.
आँख में कुछ गिर गया, पानी दो।
Something fell into my eye, give me water.
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eyes
The feminine plural form of आँख (eye), used for two or more eyes. The plural is formed by adding -ें to the base with a nasalized ending.
उसकी आँखें बहुत चमकदार हैं।
Her eyes are very sparkling.
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road
A feminine noun meaning a road or street. It is a common feminine noun ending in a consonant, used extensively in navigation and travel contexts.
सड़क पर बहुत भीड़ है, धीरे चलो।
There is a lot of crowd on the road, drive slowly.
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roads
The feminine plural form of सड़क (road), used for two or more roads. The plural is formed by adding -ें to the base with a nasalized ending.
इस शहर की सड़कें बहुत संकरी हैं।
The roads of this city are very narrow.
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shop
A feminine noun meaning a shop or store where goods are sold. It is a common feminine noun ending in a consonant, used in daily commercial contexts.
दुकान कितने बजे खुलती है?
What time does the shop open?
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shops
The feminine plural form of दुकान (shop), used for two or more shops. The plural is formed by adding -ें to the base with a nasalized ending.
बाज़ार में नई दुकानें खुल गई हैं।
New shops have opened in the market.
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key
A feminine noun meaning a key, used for locking and unlocking doors, vehicles, or locks. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ी, used in everyday contexts.
चाबी कहाँ रखी है? दरवाज़ा बंद करना है।
Where is the key kept? We need to lock the door.
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keys
The feminine plural form of चाबी (key), used for two or more keys. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
सारी चाबियाँ इस बक्से में रख दो।
Put all the keys in this box.
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vehicle / car / cart
A feminine noun meaning a vehicle, car, cart, or any wheeled conveyance. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ी, widely used in transportation contexts.
गाड़ी धीरे चलाओ, मोड़ बहुत तेज़ है।
Drive the vehicle slowly, the turn is very sharp.
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vehicles / cars
The feminine plural form of गाड़ी (vehicle), used for two or more vehicles. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
पार्किंग में बहुत सारी गाड़ियाँ खड़ी हैं।
Many vehicles are parked in the parking lot.
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female friend
A feminine noun meaning a female friend or close companion. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ी, used in social and personal contexts.
मेरी सहेली कल दिल्ली से आएगी।
My female friend will come from Delhi tomorrow.
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female friends
The feminine plural form of सहेली (female friend), used for two or more female friends. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
सहेलियाँ शॉपिंग के लिए बाजार जा रही हैं।
The female friends are going to the market for shopping.
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story
A feminine noun meaning a story, tale, or narrative. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ी, used in literature, entertainment, and everyday conversation.
बच्चों को सोने से पहले कहानी सुनाओ।
Tell the children a story before they sleep.
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stories
The feminine plural form of कहानी (story), used for two or more stories. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker.
यह किताब बहुत अच्छी कहानियाँ संग्रहित करती है।
This book collects many good stories.
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poem
A feminine noun meaning a poem or piece of poetry. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ा but grammatically feminine, used in literary and educational contexts.
उसने एक भावुक कविता सुनाई।
She recited an emotional poem.
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poems
The feminine plural form of कविता (poem), used for two or more poems. The plural is formed by changing the ending to -एँ.
इस पुस्तक में कई प्रसिद्ध कविताएँ शामिल हैं।
Many famous poems are included in this book.
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language
A feminine noun meaning a language or system of communication. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ा, used in linguistic, educational, and cultural contexts.
हिन्दी भाषा में बहुत सारी किताबें लिखी गई हैं।
Many books have been written in the Hindi language.
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languages
The feminine plural form of भाषा (language), used for two or more languages. The plural is formed by changing the ending to -एँ.
भारत में कई भाषाएँ बोली जाती हैं।
Many languages are spoken in India.
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woman
A feminine noun meaning a woman or lady. It is a polite and formal term, ending in -ा but grammatically feminine, used in official, social, and respectful contexts.
उस महिला ने बहुत हिम्मत दिखाई।
That woman showed a lot of courage.
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women
The feminine plural form of महिला (woman), used for two or more women. The plural is formed by changing the ending to -एँ.
कार्यक्रम में सैकड़ों महिलाएँ शामिल हुईं।
Hundreds of women participated in the event.
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female student
A feminine noun referring to a female student, especially at a school or college. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ा, used in educational settings.
छात्रा ने परीक्षा में प्रथम स्थान प्राप्त किया।
The female student secured first position in the exam.
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female students
The feminine plural form of छात्रा (female student), used for two or more female students. The plural is formed by changing the ending to -एँ.
कक्षा में तीस छात्राएँ हैं।
There are thirty female students in the class.
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student (male)
A masculine noun meaning a male student. It is a common masculine noun ending in a consonant, used in educational contexts as the masculine counterpart of छात्रा.
छात्र ने अपना होमवर्क पूरा कर लिया है।
The male student has completed his homework.
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teacher (male)
A masculine noun meaning a male teacher or instructor. It is a common masculine noun ending in a consonant, used in educational and professional contexts.
अध्यापक ने पाठ समझाया और क्विज़ ली।
The teacher explained the lesson and took a quiz.
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teacher (female)
A feminine noun meaning a female teacher or instructor. It is the feminine counterpart of अध्यापक, ending in -िका, and is used in educational settings.
अध्यापिका बच्चों को कहानी सुना रही हैं।
The female teacher is telling a story to the children.
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female teachers
The feminine plural form of अध्यापिका (female teacher), used for two or more female teachers. The plural is formed by changing the ending to -एँ.
स्कूल में पाँच अध्यापिकाएँ कार्यरत हैं।
Five female teachers are working in the school.
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vegetable
A feminine noun meaning a vegetable or cooked vegetable dish. It is a common feminine noun ending in -ी, used extensively in cooking, grocery shopping, and daily meals in Indian households.
आज की सब्जी बहुत स्वादिष्ट बनी है।
Today's vegetable dish has turned out very tasty.
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vegetables
The feminine plural form of सब्जी (vegetable), used for two or more vegetables. The plural changes the ending to -ियाँ with a nasalized marker, and is used when shopping for groceries or discussing multiple vegetables.
सब्जियाँ ताज़ी रखने के लिए फ्रिज में डाल दो।
Put the vegetables in the fridge to keep them fresh.