الجملة الاسمية والإضافة
Understanding subject-predicate structures and the idafa construction used to express possession or relationship.
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The student is smart
A nominal sentence (jumlah ismiyyah) composed of a definite subject (mubtadaʾ) 'al-ṭālibu' and an indefinite predicate (khabar) 'dhakiyyun'. Used to describe a specific male student as intelligent.
الطَّالِبُ ذَكِيٌّ لِأَنَّهُ يُحَلِّلُ الْمَسَائِلَ الرِّيَاضِيَّةَ فِي ثَانِيَةٍ.
The student is smart because he solves math problems in seconds.
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The teacher is hardworking
A nominal sentence where 'al-mudarrisu' is the definite subject and 'mujtahidun' is the indefinite predicate. Used to affirm the diligence and effort of a specific male teacher.
الْمُدَرِّسُ مُجْتَهِدٌ فَيُعِدُّ الدُّرُوسَ مُبَكِّرًا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ.
The teacher is hardworking, so he prepares lessons early every day.
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The book is new
A nominal sentence with 'al-kitābu' as the definite subject (the specific book) and 'jadīdun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to state that a particular book is newly acquired or unused.
الْكِتَابُ جَدِيدٌ، مَا زَالَ غِطَاؤُهُ شَفَّافًا مِنَ الْحَيَازِيمِ.
The book is new; its cover is still transparent from the plastic wrap.
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The pen is broken
A nominal sentence with 'al-qalamu' as the definite subject and 'maksūrun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to indicate that a specific pen is damaged or fractured and cannot write properly.
الْقَلَمُ مَكْسُورٌ، فَلَا تَسْتَخْدِمْهُ فِي الْاِمْتِحَانِ لِتَجَنُّبِ الْفَوَضَى.
The pen is broken, so don't use it in the exam to avoid messiness.
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The house is big
A nominal sentence with 'al-baytu' as the definite subject and 'kabīrun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe a specific house as spacious or large in size.
الْبَيْتُ كَبِيرٌ يَسَعُ خَمْسَ عَائِلَاتٍ فِي حَدِيقَتِهِ الْوَاسِعَةِ.
The house is big, accommodating five families in its large garden.
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The car is fast
A nominal sentence with 'as-sayyāratu' as the definite subject and 'sarīʿatun' as the indefinite feminine predicate. Used to describe a specific car as having high speed.
السَّيَّارَةُ سَرِيعَةٌ لِأَنَّ مُحَرِّكَهَا ذَا سِتِّ أُسْطُوَانَاتٍ.
The car is fast because its engine has six cylinders.
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The room is clean
A nominal sentence with 'al-ghurfatu' as the definite subject and 'naẓīfatun' as the indefinite feminine predicate. Used to state that a specific room is tidy and free of dirt.
الْغُرْفَةُ نَظِيفَةٌ تُشْرِقُ بِالشَّمْسِ مِنْ شُرْفَتِهَا الزُّجَاجِيَّةِ.
The room is clean and shines with sunlight from its glass balcony.
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The school is far
A nominal sentence with 'al-madrasatu' as the definite subject and 'baʿīdatun' as the indefinite feminine predicate. Used to describe a specific school as being at a great distance.
الْمَدْرَسَةُ بَعِيدَةٌ عَنِ الْبَيْتِ، لِذَلِكَ نَسْتَقِلُّ الْحَافِلَةَ كُلَّ صَبَاحٍ.
The school is far from home, so we take the bus every morning.
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The weather is beautiful
A nominal sentence with 'al-jawwu' as the definite subject and 'jamīlun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe the weather as pleasant, lovely, or enjoyable.
الْجَوُّ جَمِيلٌ فَلْنَخْرُجْ لِنَشْرَبَ الْقَهْوَةَ فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ.
The weather is beautiful, so let's go out for coffee in the garden.
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The rain is heavy
A nominal sentence with 'al-maṭaru' as the definite subject and 'ghazīrun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to indicate that the falling rain is abundant or torrential.
الْمَطَرُ غَزِيرٌ الْيَوْمَ، لَا تَنْسَ الْمِظَلَّةَ وَالْمِعْطَفَ.
The rain is heavy today, don't forget your umbrella and coat.
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The sea is deep
A nominal sentence with 'al-baḥru' as the definite subject and 'ʿamīqun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe a specific sea or body of water as having great depth.
الْبَحْرُ عَمِيقٌ وَمُظْلِمٌ فِي هَذِهِ الْمِنْطَقَةِ، لَا تَسْبَحْ وَحْدَكَ.
The sea is deep and dark in this area, don't swim alone.
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The sun is shining
A nominal sentence with 'ash-shamsu' as the definite subject and 'mushriqatun' as the indefinite feminine predicate. Used to describe the sun as rising or radiating bright light.
الشَّمْسُ مُشْرِقَةٌ الْيَوْمَ فَلْنَذْهَبْ إِلَى الشَّاطِئِ.
The sun is shining today, so let's go to the beach.
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The moon is luminous
A nominal sentence with 'al-qamaru' as the definite subject and 'munīrun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe the moon as giving off light, typically on a clear night.
الْقَمَرُ مُنِيرٌ اللَّيْلَةَ، يَكَادُ يُضِيءُ الطَّرِيقَ بِلَا مِصْبَاحٍ.
The moon is luminous tonight, it almost lights the way without a lamp.
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The city is crowded
A nominal sentence with 'al-madīnatu' as the definite subject and 'muzdaḥimatun' as the indefinite feminine predicate. Used to describe a city as being full of people, traffic, or activity.
الْمَدِينَةُ مُزْدَحِمَةٌ فِي سَاعَاتِ الذِّرْوَةِ، فَاخْتَرِ وَقْتًا مُنَاسِبًا لِلْخُرُوجِ.
The city is crowded during peak hours, so choose a suitable time to go out.
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The village is quiet
A nominal sentence with 'al-qaryatu' as the definite subject and 'hādiʾatun' as the indefinite feminine predicate. Used to describe a village as peaceful, calm, and free from urban noise.
الْقَرْيَةُ هَادِئَةٌ تَسْمَعُ فِيهَا زَقْزَقَةَ الْعَصَافِيرِ وَهَدِيرَ الْمَاءِ.
The village is quiet, where you can hear birds chirping and the flow of water.
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The food is delicious
A nominal sentence with 'aṭ-ṭaʿāmu' as the definite subject and 'ladhīdhun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to praise the taste of a specific food or meal.
الطَّعَامُ لَذِيذٌ جِدًّا فِي هَذَا الْمَطْعَمِ، سَنَعُودُ إِلَيْهِ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى.
The food is very delicious at this restaurant, we will come back again.
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The water is cold
A nominal sentence with 'al-mā'u' as the definite subject and 'bāridun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe water as having a low temperature, often refreshing or chilling.
الْمَاءُ بَارِدٌ مِنَ الْيَافِعِ، أَعْجَبَنِي طَعْمُهُ الْعَذْبُ.
The water is cold from the spring; I loved its fresh taste.
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The coffee is hot
A nominal sentence with 'al-qahwatu' as the definite subject and 'sākhinatun' as the indefinite feminine predicate. Used to describe coffee as having a high temperature, typically freshly brewed.
الْقَهْوَةُ سَاخِنَةٌ فِي الْفِنْجَانِ، انْتَظِرْ دَقَائِقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَشْرَبَهَا.
The coffee is hot in the cup, wait a few minutes before drinking it.
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The lesson is easy
A nominal sentence with 'ad-darsu' as the definite subject and 'sahlun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe a specific lesson as simple, understandable, or not requiring much effort.
الدَّرْسُ سَهْلٌ لِمَنْ يَتَابَعُ الشُّرُوحَ وَيُطَبِّقُ التَّمَارِينَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ.
The lesson is easy for those who follow the explanations and do the exercises daily.
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The exam is difficult
A nominal sentence with 'al-imtiḥānu' as the definite subject and 'ṣaʿbun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe a specific exam as challenging, complex, or demanding.
الِامْتِحَانُ صَعْبٌ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ، فَاحْضُرْ لَهُ مُبَكِّرًا بِمُرَاجَعَةٍ مُكْتَفِيَةٍ.
The exam is difficult this year, so prepare for it early with thorough review.
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The boy is polite
A nominal sentence with 'al-waladu' as the definite subject and 'mu'addabun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe a specific boy as well-mannered, respectful, and courteous.
الْوَلَدُ مُؤَدَّبٌ يُلَقِّي التَّحِيَّةَ عَلَى الْجِيرَانِ كُلَّ صَبَاحٍ.
The boy is polite, greeting the neighbors every morning.
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The girl is intelligent
A nominal sentence with 'al-bintu' as the definite subject and 'dhakiyyatun' as the indefinite feminine predicate. Used to describe a specific girl as bright, clever, and quick-witted.
الْبِنْتُ ذَكِيَّةٌ تَحُلُّ اللُّغْزَ فِي ثَلَاثِ ثَوَانٍ، وَيُدْهِشُ ذَلِكَ الْجَمِيعَ.
The girl is intelligent, solving the riddle in three seconds, amazing everyone.
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The man is generous
A nominal sentence with 'ar-rajulu' as the definite subject and 'karīmun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe a specific man as giving, honorable, and generous.
الرَّجُلُ كَرِيمٌ يُعْطِي كَثِيرًا مِنْ وَقْتِهِ وَمَالِهِ مِنْ أَجْلِ الْمُحْتَاجِينَ.
The man is generous, giving much of his time and money for the needy.
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The woman is active
A nominal sentence with 'al-mar'atu' as the definite subject and 'nashīṭatun' as the indefinite feminine predicate. Used to describe a specific woman as energetic, productive, and dynamic.
الْمَرْأَةُ نَشِيطَةٌ تَعْمَلُ مِنَ الصَّبَاحِ الْبَاكِرِ حَتَّى وَقْتِ الْمَغْرِبِ بِلَا كَلَلٍ.
The woman is active, working from early morning until sunset without fatigue.
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The engineer is brilliant
A nominal sentence with 'al-muhandisu' as the definite subject and 'bāriʿun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe a specific engineer as exceptionally skilled, creative, and outstanding in his field.
الْمُهَنْدِسُ بَارِعٌ فِي تَصْمِيمِ الْجُسُورِ الْحَدِيثَةِ الْمُقَاوِمَةِ لِلزَّلَازِلِ.
The engineer is brilliant in designing modern earthquake-resistant bridges.
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The doctor is skilled
A nominal sentence with 'aṭ-ṭabību' as the definite subject and 'māhirun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe a specific doctor as proficient, competent, and experienced in medicine.
الطَّبِيبُ مَاهِرٌ فِي جَرَاحَاتِ الْقَلْبِ الْمَفْتُوحَةِ، يُنْقِذُ حَيَوَاتٍ كَثِيرَةً.
The doctor is skilled in open-heart surgeries, saving many lives.
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The bag is heavy
A nominal sentence with 'al-ḥaqībatu' as the definite subject and 'thaqīlatun' as the indefinite feminine predicate. Used to describe a specific bag as having great weight or being burdensome to carry.
الْحَقِيبَةُ ثَقِيلَةٌ لِأَنَّ فِيهَا كُتُبًا كَثِيرَةً وَحَاسُوبًا مَحْمُولًا.
The bag is heavy because it contains many books and a laptop.
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The door is open
A nominal sentence with 'al-bābu' as the definite subject and 'maftūḥun' as the indefinite predicate (passive participle). Used to state that a specific door is in an open position.
الْبَابُ مَفْتُوحٌ فِي هَذَا الْوَقْتِ لِدُخُولِ الْهَوَاءِ النَّقِيِّ إِلَى الْغُرْفَةِ.
The door is open at this time to let fresh air into the room.
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The window is closed
A nominal sentence with 'ash-shubbāku' as the definite subject and 'mughlaqun' as the indefinite predicate (passive participle). Used to state that a specific window is in a closed position.
الشُّبَّاكُ مُغْلَقٌ بِسَبَبِ الْغُبَارِ، فَافْتَحْهُ قَلِيلًا لِلتَّهْوِئَةِ.
The window is closed because of the dust, so open it a little for ventilation.
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The chair is comfortable
A nominal sentence with 'al-kursiyyu' as the definite subject and 'murīḥun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe a specific chair as providing physical comfort and support.
الْكُرْسِيُّ مُرِيحٌ يَسْتَحِقُّ ثَمَنَهُ؛ لِأَنَّنِي أَجْلِسُ عَلَيْهِ سَاعَاتٍ بِدُونِ أَلَمٍ.
The chair is comfortable and worth its price because I sit on it for hours without pain.
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The desk is clean
A nominal sentence with 'al-maktabu' as the definite subject and 'naẓīfun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to describe a specific desk as tidy, organized, and free of clutter.
الْمَكْتَبُ نَظِيفٌ تُرَتَّبُ فِيهِ الْأَوْرَاقُ وَالْأَقْلَامُ بَعْدَ كُلِّ يَوْمِ عَمَلٍ.
The desk is clean where papers and pens are arranged after every workday.
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Time is precious
A nominal sentence with 'al-waqtu' as the definite subject and 'thamīnun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to emphasize the high value and worth of time.
الْوَقْتُ ثَمِينٌ فَلَا تُضَيِّعْهُ فِي مَا لَا يَنْفَعُ، اسْتَغْلِلْ كُلَّ دَقِيقَةٍ.
Time is precious, so don't waste it on useless things; make use of every minute.
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The truth is clear
A nominal sentence with 'al-ḥaqīqatu' as the definite subject and 'wāḍiḥatun' as the indefinite feminine predicate. Used to state that the truth is evident, obvious, and not hidden.
الْحَقِيقَةُ وَاضِحَةٌ كَالشَّمْسِ لِمَنْ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَرَاهَا بِعَيْنِ الْعَقْلِ.
The truth is clear as the sun for those who wish to see it with the eye of reason.
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Victory is near
A nominal sentence with 'an-naṣru' as the definite subject and 'qarībun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to express optimism that success or triumph will be achieved soon.
النَّصْرُ قَرِيبٌ إِنْ صَبَرْنَا وَتَمَسَّكْنَا بِأَسْبَابِ النَّجَاحِ الْحَقِيقِيِّ.
Victory is near if we are patient and hold on to the true means of success.
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Patience is beautiful
A nominal sentence with 'aṣ-ṣabru' as the definite subject and 'jamīlun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to express admiration for the virtue of patience and its praiseworthy quality.
الصَّبْرُ جَمِيلٌ وَلَكِنَّهُ صَعْبٌ، فَمَنْ تَحَلَّى بِهِ فَازَ فِي النِّهَايَةِ.
Patience is beautiful but difficult; whoever possesses it wins in the end.
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Knowledge is light
A nominal sentence with 'al-ʿilmu' as the definite subject and 'nūrun' as the indefinite predicate. Used metaphorically to describe knowledge as illuminating the mind and guiding to the right path.
الْعِلْمُ نُورٌ يَهْدِي الْإِنْسَانَ فِي ظُلُمَاتِ الْجَهْلِ وَيَفْتَحُ لَهُ آفَاقًا جَدِيدَةً.
Knowledge is light that guides a person through the darkness of ignorance and opens new horizons.
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Ignorance is darkness
A nominal sentence with 'al-jahlu' as the definite subject and 'ẓalāmun' as the indefinite predicate. Used metaphorically to describe ignorance as a state of confusion and lack of guidance.
الْجَهْلُ ظَلَامٌ يَجْعَلُ الْإِنْسَانَ أَسِيرَ الْأَوْهَامِ وَالْأَفْكَارِ الْخَاطِئَةِ.
Ignorance is darkness that makes a person captive to illusions and wrong ideas.
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Truthfulness is a virtue
A nominal sentence with 'aṣ-ṣidqu' as the definite subject and 'faḍīlatun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to state that honesty is a moral virtue and praiseworthy trait.
الصِّدْقُ فَضِيلَةٌ تُكْسِبُ صَاحِبَهَا ثِقَةَ النَّاسِ وَتَرْفَعُ مَكَانَتَهُ فِي الْمُجْتَمَعِ.
Truthfulness is a virtue that earns its owner people's trust and raises his status in society.
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Lying is a vice
A nominal sentence with 'al-kadhibu' as the definite subject and 'radhīlatun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to state that lying is a morally reprehensible and degraded characteristic.
الْكَذِبُ رَذِيلَةٌ يُفْقِدُ صَاحِبَهَا الثِّقَةَ وَيَدْمِرُ الْعَلَاقَاتِ مَعَ الْآخَرِينَ.
Lying is a vice that makes its owner lose trust and destroys relationships with others.
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Work is worship
A nominal sentence with 'al-ʿamalu' as the definite subject and 'ʿibādatun' as the indefinite predicate. Used to express the Islamic concept that sincere work performed for a lawful purpose is considered a form of worship.
الْعَمَلُ عِبَادَةٌ إِذَا أُدِّيَ بِإِخْلَاصٍ وَنِيَّةٍ صَالِحَةٍ، وَإِتْقَانِ الْعَمَلِ نَفْسُهُ قُرْبَةٌ.
Work is worship when performed with sincerity and good intention, and doing it well is itself a means of drawing closer to God.
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The student's book
A genitive construction (iḍāfa) where 'kitābu' is the possessed first term (muḍāf) and 'aṭ-ṭālibi' is the possessor second term (muḍāf ilayh). Used to indicate ownership of the book by a specific male student.
كِتَابُ الطَّالِبِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى مُسْتَوَاهُ الذِّهْنِيِّ مِنْ خِلَالِ هَوَامِشِهِ.
The student's book reveals his intellectual level through his margin notes.
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The teacher's pen
An iḍāfa where 'qalamu' is the first term and 'al-mudarrisi' is the second. Used to refer to the specific pen belonging to a male teacher.
قَلَمُ الْمُدَرِّسِ يَكْتُبُ بِحِبْرٍ أَحْمَرَ لِتَصْحِيحِ الْوَاجِبَاتِ.
The teacher's pen writes in red ink for correcting assignments.
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The manager's house
An iḍāfa where 'baytu' is the first term and 'al-mudīri' is the second. Used to refer to the house owned or inhabited by a specific manager or director.
بَيْتُ الْمُدِيرِ يَبْدُو كَبِيرًا ذَا حَدِيقَةٍ وَاسِعَةٍ فِي ضَاحِيَةِ الْمَدِينَةِ.
The manager's house appears large with a spacious garden in the city's suburbs.
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The doctor's car
An iḍāfa where 'sayyāratu' is the first term and 'aṭ-ṭabībi' is the second. Used to refer to the car owned by a specific male doctor.
سَيَّارَةُ الطَّبِيبِ بَيْضَاءُ تُوقَفُ دَائِمًا فِي مَوْقِفِ الْمُسْتَشْفَى الْخُصُوصِيِّ.
The doctor's car is white, always parked in the hospital's private parking lot.
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The door's key
An iḍāfa where 'maftāḥu' is the first term and 'al-bābi' is the second. Used to refer to the specific key that opens a particular door.
مَفْتَاحُ الْبَابِ صَغِيرٌ وَيُعَلَّقُ فِي شَمَّاعَةٍ خَلْفَ الْمَدْخَلِ.
The door's key is small and hangs on a hook behind the entrance.
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The bedroom
An iḍāfa where 'ghurfatu' is the first term and 'an-nawmi' is the second. Used to identify a room that functions as the sleeping space within a house or building.
غُرْفَةُ النَّوْمِ تَحْتَوِي عَلَى سَرِيرٍ كَبِيرٍ وَخِزَانَةِ مَلَابِسَ خَشَبِيَّةٍ.
The bedroom contains a large bed and a wooden wardrobe.
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The girls' school
An iḍāfa where 'madrasatu' is the first term and 'al-banāti' is the second. Used to refer to a school specifically designated for female students.
مَدْرَسَةُ الْبَنَاتِ قَدِيمَةٌ، تَأْسَّسَتْ فِي الْعَامِ ١٩٦٠ وَخَرَّجَتْ أَجْيَالًا كَثِيرَةً.
The girls' school is old, established in 1960, and graduated many generations.
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The city's university
An iḍāfa where 'jāmiʿatu' is the first term and 'al-madīnati' is the second. Used to refer to the main university that belongs to or is located in a specific city.
جَامِعَةُ الْمَدِينَةِ عَظِيمَةٌ تَضُمُّ كُلِّيَّاتٍ عِلْمِيَّةً وَأَدَبِيَّةً مَعْرُوفَةً.
The city's university is great, housing well-known scientific and literary faculties.
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The house's door
An iḍāfa where 'bābu' is the first term and 'al-bayti' is the second. Used to refer to the front or main entrance door of a specific house.
بَابُ الْبَيْتِ يُصْدِرُ صَوْتًا عَالِيًا عِنْدَ فَتْحِهِ، لَا بُدَّ مِنْ تَزْلِيقِهِ.
The house's door makes a loud sound when opened; it needs oiling.
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The room's window
An iḍāfa where 'nāfidhatu' is the first term and 'al-ghurfati' is the second. Used to refer to the window that belongs to a specific room.
نَافِذَةُ الْغُرْفَةِ مُطِلَّةٌ عَلَى الحَدِيقَةِ، تُدْخِلُ نَسِيمًا عَلِيلًا فِي الصَّبَاحِ.
The room's window overlooks the garden, bringing in fresh breeze in the morning.
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The travel bag
An iḍāfa where 'ḥaqībatu' is the possessed first term and 'as-safari' is the possessor second term. Used to refer to a bag specifically used for traveling or journeys.
حَقِيبَةُ السَّفَرِ مَازَالَتْ مَوْضُوعَةً فِي الزَّاوِيَةِ مُنْذُ رِحْلَتِنَا الْأَخِيرَةِ.
The travel bag is still placed in the corner since our last trip.
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The wristwatch
An iḍāfa where 'sāʿatu' is the first term and 'al-yadi' is the second. Used to refer to a watch worn on the wrist for telling time.
سَاعَةُ الْيَدِ الَّتِي أَهْدَتَنِيهَا جَدَّتِي مَا زَالَتْ تَعْمَلُ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثِينَ عَامًا.
The wristwatch that my grandmother gave me is still working after thirty years.
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Reading glasses
An iḍāfa where 'naẓẓāratu' is the first term and 'al-qirā'ati' is the second. Used to refer to eyeglasses used specifically for reading to correct near vision.
نَظَّارَةُ الْقِرَاءَةِ مَكْسُورَةُ الذِّرَاعِ، لَا بُدَّ مِنْ تَصْلِيحِهَا فِي مَحَلِّ النَّظَّارَاتِ.
The reading glasses have a broken arm, they need to be repaired at the optician.
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The professor's desk
An iḍāfa where 'maktabu' is the first term and 'al-ustādhi' is the second. Used to refer to the desk or office belonging to a professor or university instructor.
مَكْتَبُ الْأُسْتَاذِ مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَيْهِ أَسْمَاءُ التَّلَامِيذِ الْمُتَمَيِّزِينَ.
The professor's desk has the names of distinguished students written on it.
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The zoo
An iḍāfa where 'ḥadīqatu' is the first term and 'al-ḥayawāni' is the second. Used to refer to a park or garden where animals are kept for public viewing.
حَدِيقَةُ الْحَيَوَانِ كَانَتْ مُمْتَلِئَةً بِالزَّوَارِ يَوْمَ الْعُطْلَةِ الْأُسْبُوعِيَّةِ.
The zoo was full of visitors on the weekly holiday.
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The dentist
An iḍāfa where 'ṭabību' is the first term and 'al-asnāni' is the second. Used to refer to a doctor who specializes in treating teeth and oral health.
طَبِيبُ الْأَسْنَانِ نَصَحَنِي بِاسْتِخْدَامِ خَيْطِ الْأَسْنَانِ بَعْدَ كُلِّ وَجْبَةٍ.
The dentist advised me to use dental floss after every meal.
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The company's engineer
An iḍāfa where 'muhandisu' is the first term and 'ash-sharikati' is the second. Used to refer to the engineer who works for a particular company.
مُهَنْدِسُ الشَّرِكَةِ يُشْرِفُ عَلَى مَشَارِيعِ الْبِنَاءِ وَيَضْمَنُ جَوْدَتَهَا.
The company's engineer oversees the construction projects and ensures their quality.
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The capital of the country
An iḍāfa where 'ʿāṣimatu' is the first term and 'ad-dawlati' is the second. Used to refer to the city designated as the political and administrative center of a state.
عَاصِمَةُ الدَّوْلَةِ تَزْدَهِرُ بِالْمَعَالِمِ التَّارِيخِيَّةِ وَالْمُؤَسَّسَاتِ الْحُكُومِيَّةِ.
The capital of the country flourishes with historical landmarks and governmental institutions.
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The king of the country
An iḍāfa where 'maliku' is the first term and 'al-bilādi' is the second. Used to refer to the monarch who rules over a particular nation.
مَلِكُ الْبِلَادِ أَطْلَقَ مُبَادَرَةً جَدِيدَةً لِتَطْوِيرِ الْبِنْيَةِ التَّحْتِيَّةِ.
The king of the country launched a new initiative to develop the infrastructure.
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The president of the republic
An iḍāfa where 'ra'īsu' is the first term and 'al-jumhūriyyati' is the second. Used to refer to the head of state in a republic.
رَئِيسُ الْجُمْهُورِيَّةِ أَلْقَى خِطَابًا مُهِمًّا عَنِ الْإِصْلَاحَاتِ الِاقْتِصَادِيَّةِ.
The president of the republic gave an important speech about economic reforms.
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The minister of education
An iḍāfa where 'wazīru' is the first term and 'at-taʿlīmi' is the second. Used to refer to the government official who oversees educational policy and administration.
وَزِيرُ التَّعْلِيمِ أَعْلَنَ عَنْ مَنَاهِجَ جَدِيدَةٍ تَتَوَاءَمُ مَعَ التَّطَوُّرَاتِ الْحَدِيثَةِ.
The minister of education announced new curricula that align with modern developments.
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The bank manager
An iḍāfa where 'mudīru' is the first term and 'al-maṣrifi' is the second. Used to refer to the person who manages and supervises operations at a specific bank.
مُدِيرُ الْمَصْرِفِ وَقَّعَ عُقُودَ التَّمْوِيلِ مَعَ كِبَارِ الْمُسْتَثْمِرِينَ.
The bank manager signed financing contracts with major investors.
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Seeker of knowledge
An iḍāfa where 'ṭālibu' is the first term and 'al-ʿilmi' is the second. Used to describe someone who is dedicated to seeking and acquiring knowledge, often in a religious or academic context.
طَالِبُ الْعِلْمِ يَجْلِسُ كَثِيرًا فِي الْمَكْتَبَةِ يُطَالِعُ الْمَرَاجِعَ الْعِلْمِيَّةَ.
The seeker of knowledge sits often in the library reviewing academic references.
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Businessmen
An iḍāfa where 'rijālu' is the first term and 'al-aʿmāli' is the second. Used to refer to men engaged in business and commerce, usually with a plural sense.
رِجَالُ الْأَعْمَالِ يُنَاقِشُونَ الْفُرَصَ الِاسْتِثْمَارِيَّةَ فِي الْمَنْطَقَةِ الصِّنَاعِيَّةِ الْجَدِيدَةِ.
Businessmen are discussing investment opportunities in the new industrial zone.
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The university professor
An iḍāfa where 'ustādhu' is the first term and 'al-jāmiʿati' is the second. Used to refer to a professor who teaches or conducts research at a university.
أُسْتَاذُ الْجَامِعَةِ يُشْرِفُ عَلَى بَحْثِ الْمَاجِسْتَيْرِ لِعَشْرَةِ طُلَّابٍ هَذَا الْعَامِ.
The university professor is supervising the master's research of ten students this year.
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The history book
An iḍāfa where 'kitābu' is the first term and 'at-tārīkhi' is the second. Used to refer to a book that covers historical events, periods, or analyses.
كِتَابُ التَّارِيخِ يَشْرَحُ أَسْبَابَ سُقُوطِ الْإِمْبَرَاطُورِيَّةِ الْعُثْمَانِيَّةِ بِتَفْصِيلٍ.
The history book explains the reasons for the fall of the Ottoman Empire in detail.
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The notebook for notes
An iḍāfa where 'daftaru' is the first term and 'al-mulāḥaẓāti' is the second. Used to refer to a notebook used specifically for writing observations, comments, or notes.
دَفْتَرُ الْمُلَاحَظَاتِ مُذَكَّرٌ مَفْتُوحٌ فِي صَفْحَةٍ حَافِلَةٍ بِالْأَفْكَارِ.
The notebook for notes is open on a page full of ideas.
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The taxi (rental car)
An iḍāfa where 'sayyāratu' is the first term and 'al-ujrati' is the second. Used to refer to a car that is rented or hired for a fare, commonly a taxi.
سَيَّارَةُ الْأُجْرَةِ وَقَفَتْ أَمَامَ الْفُنْدُقِ لِيَرْكَبَهَا السُّيَّاحُ إِلَى الْمَطَارِ.
The taxi stopped in front of the hotel for the tourists to take to the airport.
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The train station
An iḍāfa where 'maḥaṭṭatu' is the first term and 'al-qiṭāri' is the second. Used to refer to the building and platform area where trains arrive and depart.
مَحَطَّةُ الْقِطَارِ مُزْدَحِمَةٌ فِي أَوْقَاتِ الذِّرْوَةِ بِالْمُسَافِرِينَ وَالْحَقَائِبِ.
The train station is crowded with passengers and luggage during peak times.
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The city's airport
An iḍāfa where 'maṭāru' is the first term and 'al-madīnati' is the second. Used to refer to the airport that serves a particular city.
مَطَارُ الْمَدِينَةِ يُوَاكِبُ الْمَعَايِيرَ الدُّوَلِيَّةَ مِنْ حَيْثُ الْأَمْنِ وَالْخِدْمَاتِ.
The city's airport meets international standards in terms of security and services.
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The seashore
An iḍāfa where 'shāṭi'u' is the possessed first term and 'al-baḥri' is the possessor second term. Used to refer to the land along the edge of a sea.
شَاطِئُ الْبَحْرِ كَانَ هَادِئًا فِي الصَّبَاحِ الْبَاكِرِ، تَسْمَعُ فِيهِ وَطْأَةَ الْمَوْجِ.
The seashore was quiet in the early morning, where you could hear the footstep of the waves.
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The river's water
An iḍāfa where 'mā'u' is the first term and 'an-nahri' is the second. Used to refer to the water of a specific river.
مَاءُ النَّهْرِ نَقِيٌّ يَزْدَحِمُ بِالْأَسْمَاكِ فِي مَوْسِمِ أُمُطَارِ.
The river's water is pure and teems with fish in the rainy season.
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The sunlight
An iḍāfa where 'nūru' is the first term and 'ash-shamsi' is the second. Used to refer to the light and radiance emitted by the sun.
نُورُ الشَّمْسِ دَخَلَ مِنَ النَّافِذَةِ فَأَضَاءَ غُرْفَةَ الْجُلُوسِ كُلَّهَا.
The sunlight entered through the window and illuminated the entire living room.
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The moonlight
An iḍāfa where 'ḍaw'u' is the first term and 'al-qamari' is the second. Used to refer to the soft light that comes from the moon.
ضَوْءُ الْقَمَرِ انْعَكَسَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْبَحْرِ فَبَدَا كَاللُّؤْلُؤِ الْمُتَلَأْلِئِ.
The moonlight reflected on the sea's surface, looking like shimmering pearls.
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People's talk
An iḍāfa where 'kalāmu' is the first term and 'an-nāsi' is the second. Used to refer to what people say about something, often implying gossip or public opinion.
كَلَامُ النَّاسِ لَا يُعْيِيهِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَصْغَى لَهُ وَتَرَكَ الْيَقِينَ.
People's talk doesn't tire anyone except those who listen to it and abandon certainty.
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The group's opinion
An iḍāfa where 'ra'yu' is the first term and 'al-jamā'ati' is the second. Used to refer to the consensus or opinion of a collective group.
رَأْيُ الْجَمَاعَةِ كَانَ ضِدَّ الْقَرَارِ، لَكِنَّ الْمُدِيرَ نَفَّذَهُ فِي النِّهَايَةِ.
The group's opinion was against the decision, but the manager implemented it in the end.
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Friday
An iḍāfa where 'yawmu' is the first term and 'al-jumu'ati' is the second. Used to refer to Friday, which is the day of congregational prayer in Islam and the weekly holiday in many Arabic-speaking countries.
يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ هُوَ أَفْضَلُ أَيَّامِ الْأُسْبُوعِ عِنْدَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْجُمُعَةِ.
Friday is the best day of the week for Muslims because of the Friday prayer.
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The month of Ramadan
An iḍāfa where 'shahru' is the first term and 'ramaḍāna' is the second (diptote, takes fatḥa). Used to refer to the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, the month of fasting.
شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ يَحْمِلُ رَوْحَانِيَّةً خَاصَّةً، تَعْتَمِرُ فِيهِ الْمَسَاجِدُ بِالْمُصَلِّينَ.
The month of Ramadan carries a special spirituality, with mosques filled with worshippers.
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The summer season
An iḍāfa where 'faṣlu' is the first term and 'aṣ-ṣayfi' is the second. Used to refer to the hottest season of the year, characterized by long days and high temperatures.
فَصْلُ الصَّيْفِ فِي هَذِهِ الْمِنْطَقَةِ طَوِيلٌ وَحَارٌّ، يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى مَكَيِّفَاتٍ قَوِيَّةٍ.
The summer season in this region is long and hot, requiring strong air conditioners.
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The winter season
An iḍāfa where 'faṣlu' is the first term and 'ash-shatā'i' is the second. Used to refer to the coldest season of the year, characterized by short days, rain, and cold temperatures.
فَصْلُ الشِّتَاءِ جَمِيلٌ رَغْمَ الْبَرْدِ، تَسْقُطُ فِيهِ الْأَمْطَارُ وَتَنْمُو الزُّهُورُ.
Winter is beautiful despite the cold, with rain falling and flowers growing.
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Eid al-Fitr
An iḍāfa where 'ʿīdu' is the possessed first term and 'al-fiṭri' is the possessor second term. Used to refer to the Islamic holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, celebrated with feasting and prayers.
عِيدُ الْفِطْرِ يَأْتِي بَعْدَ شَهْرِ الصِّيَامِ، يَتَبَادَلُ فِيهِ النَّاسُ التَّهَانِيَ وَالْهَدَايَا.
Eid al-Fitr comes after the month of fasting, during which people exchange greetings and gifts.
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Free time
An iḍāfa where 'waqtu' is the first term and 'al-farāghi' is the second. Used to refer to leisure time when one is not occupied with work or obligations.
وَقْتُ الْفَرَاغِ هُوَ فُرْصَةٌ لِلتَّعَلُّمِ وَالتَّطْوِيرِ، لَا لِلْمُشَاهَدَةِ الْفَارِغَةِ.
Free time is an opportunity for learning and self-development, not for mindless viewing.
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The path to success
An iḍāfa where 'ṭarīqu' is the first term and 'an-najāḥi' is the second. Used to refer to the way or method by which one achieves success.
طَرِيقُ النَّجَاحِ يَمُرُّ بِالْجِدِّ وَالْمثَابَرَةِ، لَا بِالْحَظِّ وَالصُّدْفَةِ.
The path to success passes through diligence and perseverance, not luck and chance.
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The secret of life
An iḍāfa where 'sirru' is the first term and 'al-ḥayāti' is the second. Used to refer to the deeper meaning or hidden key to a fulfilling existence.
سِرُّ الْحَيَاةِ فِي الْعَطَاءِ وَالتَّوَاضُعِ، وَلَيْسَ فِي الْاِكْتِنَازِ وَالْغُرُورِ.
The secret of life lies in giving and humility, not in hoarding and arrogance.
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Freedom of expression
An iḍāfa where 'ḥurriyyatu' is the first term and 'at-taʿbīri' is the second. Used to refer to the right to express one's opinions and thoughts without censorship or fear.
حُرِّيَّةُ التَّعْبِيرِ حَقٌّ أَسَاسِيٌّ يَكْفُلُهُ الدُّسْتُورُ فِي الدُّوَلِ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةِ.
Freedom of expression is a fundamental right guaranteed by the constitution in democratic countries.
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Human rights
An iḍāfa where 'ḥuqūqu' is the first term and 'al-insāni' is the second. Used to refer to the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person, regardless of nationality or background.
حُقُوقُ الْإِنْسَانِ تَشْمَلُ الْعَيْشَ الْكَرِيمَ وَالْعَدَالَةَ وَالْمُسَاوَاةَ بَيْنَ الْجَمِيعِ.
Human rights include dignified living, justice, and equality for everyone.
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The country's security
An iḍāfa where 'amnu' is the first term and 'ad-dawlati' is the second. Used to refer to the state's stability, safety, and protection from internal and external threats.
أَمْنُ الدَّوْلَةِ يَعْتِمِدُ عَلَى الْأَجْهِزَةِ الْأَمْنِيَّةِ وَتَعَاوُنِ الْمُوَاطِنِينَ مَعَهَا.
The country's security depends on security agencies and the cooperation of citizens with them.
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The interest of work
An iḍāfa where 'maṣlaḥatu' is the first term and 'al-ʿamali' is the second. Used to refer to what benefits the workplace, the common good of the job, or the employer's interest.
مَصْلَحَةُ الْعَمَلِ فِي الْتِزَامِ الْمُوَظَّفِينَ بِالْمَوَاعِيدِ وَإِتْقَانِ الْمُهِمَّاتِ.
The interest of work lies in employees' adherence to deadlines and excellence in tasks.
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The project's plan
An iḍāfa where 'khuṭṭatu' is the first term and 'al-mashrūʿi' is the second. Used to refer to the detailed outline or strategy for executing a specific project.
خُطَّةُ الْمَشْرُوعِ مُفَصَّلَةٌ عَلَى مَدَى سِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ، تَشْمَلُ كُلَّ الْمَرَاحِلِ.
The project's plan is detailed over six months, covering all phases.
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The cost of living
An iḍāfa where 'taklifatu' is the first term and 'al-maʿīshati' is the second. Used to refer to the average cost of basic necessities such as housing, food, and transportation in a given area.
تَكْلِفَةُ الْمَعِيشَةِ ارْتَفَعَتْ بِنِسْبَةٍ مَلْحُوظَةٍ هَذَا الْعَامِ مِمَّا أَثَّرَ عَلَى الْمُوَاطِنِينَ.
The cost of living has risen significantly this year, affecting the citizens.
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The children's future
An iḍāfa where 'mustaqbalu' is the possessed first term and 'al-awlādi' is the possessor second term. Used to refer to the future prospects, well-being, and destiny of children.
مُسْتَقْبَلُ الْأَوْلَادِ يُبْنَى بِالتَّعْلِيمِ الْجَيِّدِ وَالتَّرْبِيَةِ الْقَوِيمَةِ مُنْذُ الصِّغَرِ.
The children's future is built through good education and sound upbringing from childhood.
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The village people
An iḍāfa where 'ahlu' is the first term and 'al-qaryati' is the second. Used to refer to the inhabitants or residents of a specific village.
أَهْلُ الْقَرْيَةِ اجْتَمَعُوا فِي الْمَيْدَانِ لِمُنَاقَشَةِ مَشَاكِلِ الْمَاءِ.
The village people gathered in the square to discuss the water problems.
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The city's residents
An iḍāfa where 'sukkānu' is the first term and 'al-madīnati' is the second. Used to refer to all the people who live in a particular city.
سُكَّانُ الْمَدِينَةِ يُعَانُونَ مِنَ الزِّحَامِ فِي سَاعَاتِ الذِّرْوَةِ يَوْمِيًّا.
The city's residents suffer from congestion during peak hours daily.
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The language of the Arabs
An iḍāfa where 'lughatu' is the first term and 'al-ʿarabi' is the second. Used to refer to the Arabic language, the mother tongue of the Arab people.
لُغَةُ الْعَرَبِ تَتَّسِعُ بِمُفْرَدَاتِهَا وَتَتَمَيَّزُ بِبَلَاغَتِهَا عَنْ غَيْرِهَا.
The language of the Arabs is vast in vocabulary and distinguished by its eloquence over others.
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The culture of society
An iḍāfa where 'thaqāfatu' is the first term and 'al-mujtamaʿi' is the second. Used to refer to the beliefs, customs, arts, and values shared by members of a specific society.
ثَقَافَةُ الْمُجْتَمَعِ تَتَأَثَّرُ بِالتَّارِيخِ وَالدِّينِ وَالْعَوَامِلِ الِاقْتِصَادِيَّةِ.
The culture of society is influenced by history, religion, and economic factors.
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The history of the world
An iḍāfa where 'tārīkhu' is the first term and 'al-ʿālami' is the second. Used to refer to the recorded events and development of human civilization across the globe.
تَارِيخُ الْعَالَمِ مَلِيءٌ بِالْحُرُوبِ وَالثَّوَرَاتِ، لَكِنَّهُ أَيْضًا مَلِيءٌ بِالِابْتِكَارَاتِ.
The history of the world is full of wars and revolutions, but it is also full of innovations.
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Traffic laws
An iḍāfa where 'qawānīnu' is the first term (plural of qānūn) and 'al-murūri' is the second. Used to refer to the set of legal regulations governing road and vehicle use.
قَوَانِينُ الْمُرُورِ تُنَظِّمُ حَرَكَةَ السَّيَّارَاتِ وَتُحَافِظُ عَلَى سَلَامَةِ الْمُشَاةِ.
Traffic laws regulate vehicle movement and ensure the safety of pedestrians.
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Traffic light
An iḍāfa where 'ishāratu' is the first term and 'aḍ-ḍaw'i' is the second. Used to refer to the signaling device that controls traffic flow using red, yellow, and green lights.
إِشَارَةُ الضَّوْءِ تَحَوَّلَتْ إِلَى الْأَحْمَرِ فَقْبِ قَبْلَ عُبُورِ الطَّرِيقِ.
The traffic light turned red right before crossing the road.
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The newspaper seller
An iḍāfa where 'bā'iʿu' is the first term and 'aṣ-ṣuḥufi' is the second. Used to refer to a person who sells newspapers, typically at a stand or on the street.
بَائِعُ الصُّحُفِ يَعْرِفُ جَمِيعَ الْأَخْبَارِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَصِلَ إِلَى النَّاسِ.
The newspaper seller knows all the news before it reaches the people.
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The mosque servant
An iḍāfa where 'khādimu' is the first term and 'al-masjidi' is the second. Used to refer to a person who serves the mosque by cleaning, organizing, and assisting worshippers.
خَادِمُ الْمَسْجِدِ يُبَكِّرُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ لِفَتْحِ الْأَبْوَابِ وَتَرْتِيبِ السَّجَّادَاتِ.
The mosque servant comes early every day to open the doors and arrange the prayer rugs.
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